True or false: surface coats that inhibit phagocytosis are a virulence factor of legionellosis

(a)  

True or false: Factors that initiate a hyperactive innate immune response by creating a cytokine storm, which consequently can lead to dampening of T-cell mediated antiviral functions are a virulence factor of legionellosis.

(a)  

True or false: pili that ensure attachment and prevent dislocation by mucociliary clearance are a virulence factor of legionellosis.

(a)  

True or false: spike proteins that facilitate host cell invasion and escape from detection are a virulence factor of legionellosis.

(a)  

True or false: The immune system mounts a cell-mediated reaction in which macrophages attach to the outer walls of the bacteria for active phagocytosis. The engulfed bacteria proliferate within the macrophages. This is a virulence factor of legionellosis.

(a)  

Since the pathogen is bacterial, is it gram positive or gram negative?

(a)  

What is the morphology of legionella?

(a)  

What is the mode of transmission for L. pneumophila?

(a)  

Is there a licensed vaccine to prevent L. pneumophila infection?

(a)