y is inversely propertional to  $\frac{1}{x}$  

y berkadar songsang dengan  $\frac{1}{x}$  

y is directly proportional to x

y berkadar terus dengan x

 $\frac{1}{y}$   inversely proportional to x

y is directly proportional to  $\frac{1}{x}$  

y berkadar terus dengan  $\frac{1}{x}$  

the mass of the submarine / jisim kapal selam

the weight of the submarine / berat kapal selam

the pressure of sea water acting on the submarine /

tekanan air laut yang bertindak ke atas kapal selam

the volume of sea water displaced by the submarine /

isipadu air laut yang disesarkan oleh kapal selam

objects attract other objects with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses

the square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets revolving around the Sun is equal to the cube of the ratio of their average distance from the Sun

An imaginary line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out an equal area of space in equal amounts of time.

Planets move about the Sun in an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one of the foci.

It always moves from east to west.

Ia sentiasa bergerak dari timur ke barat.

It remains stationary at any chosen fixed point over the Earth.

Ia kekal pegun di mana-mana titik tetap yang terpilih di atas Bumi.

It has a linear speed equal to the speed of a point on the Earth’s equator.

Ia mempunyai laju linear yang sama dengan laju pada satu titik di khatulistiwa Bumi.

It has the same orbital period as the Earth’s rotation on its axis.

Ia mempunyai tempoh orbit yang sama dengan tempoh putaran Bumi di atas paksinya.

650 J of heat is required to melt 1 kg of metal Q

650 J haba diperlukan untuk meleburkan 1 kg logam Q

650 J of heat is required to increase the temperature of metal Q by 1°C

650 J haba diperlukan untuk menaikkan suhu logam Q sebanyak 1°C

650 J of heat is required to increase 1 g of metal R form 0°C to 100°C

650 J haba diperlukan untuk menaikkan 1 g logam R dari 0°C ke 100°C

650 J of heat is required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of metal Q by 1°C

650 J haba diperlukan untuk menaikkan suhu 1 kg logam Q sebanyak 1 °C

Always

inverted and real.

Sentiasa

tertonggeng dan nyata.

Always upright

and real.

Sentiasa tegak

dan nyata.

Always upright

and laterally inverted.

Sentiasa tegak

dan tertonggeng sisi.

Always

laterally inverted and virtual.

Sentiasa

tertonggeng sisi dan maya

vitual, upright, magnified

maya, tegak, dibesarkan

real, inverted, diminished

nyata, songsang, dikecilkan

real, inverted, magnified

nyata, songsang, dibesarkan

real, inverted, same size

nyata, songsang, sama saiz

Real, inverted and smaller than the

object.

Nyata, tertonggeng dan lebih kecil

daripada objek.

Real, laterally inverted and smaller

than the object.

Nyata, tertonggeng sisi dan lebih

kecil daripada objek.

Virtual, inverted and bigger than the

object.

Maya, tertonggeng dan lebih besar

daripada objek.

Virtual, upright and smaller than the object.

Maya, tegak dan lebih kecil daripada

objek.

Any object distance for plane mirror.

Sebarang jarak objek dari cermin

satah.

Short object

distance for convex lens.

Jarak objek yang kecil untuk

kanta cembung

Long object distance for convex lens.

Jarak objek yang besar untuk kanta

cembung.

Long object distance for concave lens.

Jarak objek yang besar untuk kanta

cekung.

Q - Principal axis

- Paksi utama

O - Optical centre

- Pusat optik

F - Principal focus

- Fokus utama

f - Focal point

- Titik fokus

The specific latent heat of water is higher than paraffin

Haba pendam tentu air adalah lebih tinggi daripada paraffin

The specific latent heat of paraffin is higher than water

Haba pendam tentu paraffin adalah lebih tinggi daripada air

The specific heat capacity of water is higher than paraffin

Muatan haba tentu air adalah lebih tinggi daripada paraffin

The specific heat capacity of paraffin is higher than water

Muatan haba tentu paraffin adalah lebih tinggi daripada air

real

nyata

virtual

maya

magnified

diperbesar

inverted

songsang

telescope

teleskop

binocular

binokular

microscope

mikroskop

camera

kamera