South Carolina tries to nullify a tariff; Jackson threatens military force if South Carolina doesn’t back down

Native Americans living in South on land that white settlers want to grow cotton and discover gold

Case filed by Cherokee against Indian Removal; Jackson ignored Supreme Court decision and forces removal anyway

Jackson’s policy forcing Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi to new lands in Indian Territory (Oklahoma)

US annexes Republic of Texas in 1845, creates a dispute with Mexico over the Rio Grande border

Creates Northwest Territory from land north of Ohio River and west of Appalachians in 1787; set process for adding new states to US. 60,000 people.

US declares war on Mexico over Texas border dispute, US victory forces Mexico to give up land north of Rio Grande 

Land surrendered by Mexico to the US under the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848

Land purchased from Mexico in 1853 as possible route for transcontinental railroad

Individuals are free to produce, sell, or buy what they want; prices are set by supply and demand, not the government

Combining the factory system, steam power, and mass production technology to produce goods

Opened in 1825, improves travel and trade with the Midwest; New York City becomes major trading port city

Use of canals, railroads, and steamboats to increase travel and trade to open new markets

Invented by Eli Whitney; speeds up production of cotton and increases demand for slaves in the South

Parts that are standardized for easy assembly, increasing mass production of goods

The process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery.

Over 4 million people move to the US for land, to work in factories, and build railroads

People move from farms and rural areas to live in cities and work in factories due to industrialization

Reform movement calling for reducing or prohibiting the consumption of alcohol

Belief that US is special and should expand west from the Atlantic to the Pacific as part of its destiny

US splits Oregon with British by treaty in 1846; US territory expands to the Pacific Ocean for 1st time