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WorksheetsSociology Chapter 2 Vocabulary
Total questions: 36
Worksheet time: 18mins
Culture is...
shared products of human groups, which include both physical objects and the beliefs, values, and behaviors shared by the group
shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable
Material Culture is...
physical objects created by human groups
shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable
Non Material Culture is...
abstract human creations, such as language, ideas, beliefs, rules, skills, family patterns, work practices, and political and economic systems
norms that have great moral significance attached to them
Society is...
a group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and have a feeling of unity
norms that have great moral significance attached to them
Values are...
shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable
norms that do not have great moral significance attached to them—the common customs of everyday life
Norms are...
shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations
a group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and have a feeling of unity
Folkways are...
shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable
norms that do not have great moral significance attached to them—the common customs of everyday life
Mores are...
shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations
norms that have great moral significance attached to them
Laws are...
written rules of conduct that are enacted and enforced by the government
shared products of human groups, which include both physical objects and the beliefs, values, and behaviors shared by the group
What are the components of culture?
Material Culture and nonmaterial culture
Languages, technology, values, symbols, norms
Who is Napoleon Chagnon?
An Anthropologist that studied the behavior of the Yanomamo
An Anthropologist who discovered the Yanomamo
A Sociologist who studied the social behavior of farmers
Cultural universals are...
a belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards
common features that are found in all human cultures
Subculture is...
a group with its own unique values, norms, and behaviors that exists within a larger culture
a group that rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns
the process of spreading cultural traits from one society to another
counterculture is...
a group that rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns
common features that are found in all human cultures
Ethnocentrism is...
the process through which cultures become more and more alike
the process of spreading cultural traits from one society to another
the tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups
Cultural relativism
a situation in which some aspects of the culture change less rapidly, or lag behind, other aspects of the same culture
a belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards
the process of spreading cultural traits from one society to another
Cultural diffusion is...
the process of spreading cultural traits from one society to another
a situation in which some aspects of the culture change less rapidly, or lag behind, other aspects of the same culture
a group that rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns
Cultural lag is...
a belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards
the process through which cultures become more and more alike
a situation in which some aspects of the culture change less rapidly, or lag behind, other aspects of the same culture
Cultural leveling is...
a group that rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns
the process through which cultures become more and more alike
the tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups
...examined hundreds of different cultures in an attempt to determine what general traits are common to all cultures.
Edwin Sutherland
George Murdock
Marvin Harris
...used his research to compile a list of more than 65 cultural universals
George Murdock
Napoleon Chagnon
Arts and leisure, basic needs, beliefs, communication and education, family, government and economy, technology
Counterculture
Cultural Universals
Folklore
...developed the idea of subcultures in the 1920s through his work on crime and juvenile delinquency.
Anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon
Criminologist Edwin Sutherland
Anthropologist George Murdock
The cyberpunk movement is an example of...
Counterculture
Subculture
Cultural variations
In Cannibals and Kings, ...explored the religious prohibition in India against killing cows even when food shortages exist.
George Murdock
Marvin Harris
Napoleon Chagnon
...noted that not all cultural traits change at the same rate. Some traits change rapidly, ... observed, while the transformation of others may take considerable time.
Marvin Harris
Sociologist William Ogburn
and the quickening rate of diffusion have brought about a situation that sociologist ... calls cultural leveling.
James Henslin
William Ogburn
....... identified 15 traditional values he believes are central to the American way of life.
Sociologist Robin M. Williams
Marvin harris
This belief in the importance of ... is most evident in the area of employment, where achievement often is measured in terms of power and wealth.
Individualism
Personal Achievement
This belief in progress is paired with a belief in the ability of science and technology to make the world a better and more comfortable place.
Efficiency and practicality
Progress and material comfort
a commitment to the full development of one's personality, talents, and potential
Self Fulfillment
Selfishness
Ethnocentrism
a long-term and deeply ingrained pattern of socially unacceptable behavior that is harmful to the person who displays it and to others
Personality disorder
Narcissism
the feeling of extreme self-centeredness
Narcissism
Selfishness
In his book The Culture of Narcissism, social historian ... went so far as to consider this emphasis on personal fulfillment a personality disorder .
Napoleon Chagnon
Christopher Lasch
Marvin Harris
also saw dangers in the focus on the self. He felt that it weakened the established values of hard work and moderation and threatened the stability of the capitalist system.
Social Historian Christopher Lasch
Sociologist Daniele Bell
He admitted that this new value probably indicated that Americans believed less in hard work than did earlier generations.
Sociologist Daniel Bell
Psychologist and survey researcher Daniel Yankelovich
