A 17-year-old football player presents to the clinic after falling on an outstretched hand with sudden onset of right elbow pain graded 8/10. On physical exam, the patient has point tenderness over the right medial elbow with a significantly decreased range of motion. Neurological examination reveals an intact sensory and motor function. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 30-year old baseball player consulted you with complaints that he is no longer able to use his right arm. Physical exam reveals marked atrophy of the hypothenar, interossei muscles, and abductor pollicis brevis. The patient also appears to have diminished sensation along the medial aspect of the forearm. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Patients with thoracic discogenic pain syndrome may either present with a radicular or myelopathic pain. The radicular pain is due to compression of the spinal nerves as they exit through the intervertebral foramen, while the myelopathic pain occurs due to the herniated disc compressing the spinal cord. What feature of the thoracic spine makes it more prone to myelopathic pain?

A 23-year-old basketball player presents with anterior leg pain. He claims that he has had the pain at the end of last season and would occur intermittently and worsen after a long run. Pain has gradually increased in intensity and lasting longer since. On PE, there is point tenderness and swelling over the midshaft of his anterior leg. All other findings were within normal limits. He desires to play in his opening night game next week. What is the next best step in the management of this patient?

A 16-year-old male was hiking when he tripped and fell on his side, landing on the lateral aspect of his left shoulder where you observe a minor abrasion. He is able to abduct, extend, and flex at the shoulder, but is limited by pain. A painful lump on the top of the shoulder at the lateral aspect of the clavicle is noted. Radial pulse is 2+ and sensation to light touch is intact. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

An 18-year-old female athlete presents with a chief complaint of amenorrhea. The patient recently lost weight in an attempt to win the state competition. A review of systems is positive for extreme fatigue. Physical exam shows an incredibly thin female with prominent cheekbones and concave abdomen. Which of the following is the best test to assess her risk of fractures?

A 16-year-old patient who has been receiving treatment for mallet fracture presents to the clinic for a deformity of her affected finger after taking off her splint two weeks ago. On exam, the distal interphalangeal joint is flexed, and the proximal interphalangeal joint is hyperextended. What complication of mallet fracture does she have?

 A 17-year-old basketball player comes into the clinic after hurting his left lower leg during a basketball game yesterday. He is having difficulty walking and there significant tenderness of the distal posterior aspect of the lower leg. He has a positive Thompson test on exam. What injury did he sustain and where does this structure insert?

A 30-year-old male athlete presents with right anterior knee pain. He reports that he has increased both the weight and number of back squats and leg extensions as part of a new training regime. His pain is exacerbated when getting out of his car and descending stairs, but he denies any functional limitations. On examination, varus and valgus stress testing, Lachman’s test, anterior and posterior drawer, and Apley’s compression test are all negative. Muscle strength testing reveals diminished strength with the adduction of the right leg when compared to the left. The remainder of the physical examination is normal. Radiographic imaging of the right knee is also unremarkable. A defect in which of the following structures is most likely causing this patient’s pain?