As the density of a population increases, the amount of resources available to each individual decreases, and the health of individuals decreases. As health decreases, mortality (death rate) increases and reproduction decreases

Are those factors that act on a population independent of the size of the population. Typical __________ causes of mortality are weather, accidents, and environmental catastrophes like volcanoes, floods, landslides, fire, etc.

Wildlife biologists usually express birth rates as ______, which is the number of young produced per female over a given time period. Usually one year is the time period considered, but for smaller animals, especially those that may breed several times a year, a shorter time period may be selected.

______________, ten thousand years ago, made a great change to increase the human population. This was a transition from hunting and gathering of food for subsistence. It has created settlement, easy access for food and mortality reduction and increase life expectancy

Around 1750 another revolution started in England, making an even faster growth possible: ______________. Giving an average growth rate of 0.84% since the beginning of the industrial revolution, about seventeen times the previous rate.

____________provides educational and clinical services that help couples choose how many children to have and when to have them.

_____________has been a major factor in reducing the number of births throughout most of the world, mostly because of increased knowledge and availability of contraceptives.

_____________has also reduced the number of legal and illegal abortions performed each year and decreased the number of deaths of mothers and fetuses during pregnancy. Studies by the U.N.

In 1994, the United Nations held its third Conference on Population and Development in ________. Proponents also call for greatly increased research on developing more effective and more acceptable birth control methods for men.

One of the conference’s goals was to encourage action to stabilize the world’s population at 7.8 billion by 2050 instead of the projected _______.

Studies show that _______ tend to have fewer children if they are educated, hold a paying job outside the home, and live in societies where their human rights are not suppressed.

Teaching women to read has a major impact on fertility rates and population growth. Poor women who cannot read often have five to seven children, compared to two or fewer in societies where almost all women can read.

Because sons are more valued than daughters in many societies, girls are often kept at home to work instead of being sent to school. Globally, some 900 million girls—three times the entire U.S. population—do not attend elementary school.

Women do almost all of the world’s domestic work and child care for little or no pay and provide more unpaid health care than all of the world’s organized health services combined.