___________a 5th-century BC Greek historian, is often considered the "father of history" in the Western tradition, although he has also been criticized as the "father of lies"

_________________presents readers the plain and basic information, the events that took place(what), the time and date with which the event happened(when), the place with which the event took(when), the place with which the event took place, and the people where they involve(who).

______________goes beyond facts because it concerned about the reasons for its events happened (why), and the way they happened (how) .It tries to speculate on the cause and effect of an event (Cantal, Cardinal Et. Al)

The practice of historical writing is called __________, the traditional method in doing historical research that focus on gathering of documents from different libraries and archives to form a pool of evidence needed in making descriptive or analytical narrative.

There are two general kinds of historical sources. _________ are original, first-hand account of an event or period that are usually written or made during or close to the event or period. These sources are original and factual, not interpretive. Their key function is to provide facts.

There are two general kinds of historical sources. __________ are materials made by people long after the events being described had taken place to provide valuable interpretations of historical events.

Primary sources are often incomplete and have little context. Students must use prior knowledge and work with multiple primary sources to find patterns.

In analyzing primary sources, students move from concrete observations and facts to questioning and making inferences about the materials.

Secondary sources can provide analysis, synthesis, interpretation or evaluation of original information.

__________ is a type of criticism which examines the origins of the earliest text to appreciate the underlying circumstance upon which the text came to be (Soulen & Soulen, 2001).

There are two parts to historical criticisms. _____________ determines the authenticity of the source. The authenticity of the fabric could also be tested in two ways, by paleographical (the deciphering and dating of historical manuscripts) and diplomatic criticism

There are two parts to historical criticisms. __________ determines the historicity of the facts contained within the document. It is not necessary to prove the authenticity of the material or document. However, the facts contained in the document must first be tested before any conclusion pertaining to it can be admitted.

The process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past is very important in order for us, readers to really understand history.

Relying on different materials and resources (both primary and secondary) will truly help us to bring us back to the past events that may lead us for better understanding of the present.

__________ skull cap was discovered by Dr. Robert Fox an American Anthropologist. According to research this Man lived on the first days called Stone Age and inside the cave. He also founded evidence that this early human already knew how to make and use tools

Henry Otley Beyer, a known anthropologist introduced the “Theory of Migration” that the first Human who came to the Philippine Archipelago through the Land Bridges were ________ the ancestors of the Aetas

Dr. Armand Mijares of University of the Philippines led the team of Archeologist in 2007. They found a foot bone inside a cave in Cagayan. They needed to consume almost three years to determine the age of the bone.

The early Filipinos started building their communities along the mouth of the river or coastal areas. They choose the place because of economic opportunities wherein they access the land and the water for their everyday routines of life. Their community was a ________

The early Filipinos used caves for their housing until they learned to build houses outside using wood or bamboo and nipa leaves or cogon grass for their roofing suited for our tropical climate. Later on, they called _______.

The _________ was the pre- Hispanic writing system in the Philippines. Filipinos believed that this system originated from Kawi (a Javanese old script with a large number of loanwords from Sanskrit.

The colonization in the Philippines started when the two powerful countries

One of the ships in Magellan's fleet named after the Church of Sta Maria de la Victoria de Triana, where Magellan took an oath of allegiance to King Charles V; commanded by Luis Mendoza

It was the first time for the European to sail in Pacific Ocean. Magellan named it _____________ for its peace and calm unlike other oceans that they travelled where the water was extremely rough.

On ________, they reached the island of Homonhon at the eastern part of the province of Samar. They landed there to gather food and also refresh the crew after their long voyage from the Pacific Ocean.

When they entered the Archipelago in 1521, their priority was to Christianize all the early Filipinos they would meet. __________ was the first native chieftain who embraced Christianity

The person who lead the defeat of the Spaniards in Mactan and with the series of unfortunate events, Magellan’s troops finally decided to leave the island and continue their journey to Moluccas island.

Among the five ships at the beginning of the expedition, only _________ was able to successfully went back to Spain.

Legaspi’s expedition landed in Cebu island on ________. After a diminutive struggle with the natives, he proceeded to Leyte, then to Camiguin and to Bohol.

Legaspi made a blood compact with the chieftain, _________ as a symbol of friendship. On April 27, 1565, Legaspi returned to Cebu; destroyed the town of Rajah Tupas and established a settlement.

The form of government that they introduced to the early Filipinos was called _______

They built a pueblo or town and forcibly obliged everyone and families to move in the town they created. Then Spanish authorities built their outpost encircling the town for them to monitor all movements confined in the said area.

System of a forced labor to the natives of the colony. It was similar to a Polo y servicio or a Tributo (Tribute). The natives were obliged to provide the basic needs of Spaniards (the conquistadores).

The early education of Filipinos during Spanish period was through religion. It was primarily exclusive for elite Filipinos to go to formal schools operated by friars from different congregations in the first year of their operation.

The highest ranking official in the Colony appointed by the King of Spain, he also served as the Kings alter ego.

A special judicial court whose mandate was to investigate the performance of the Governor General during the term and before he would replace in the position. The report of the investigation would be directly submitted to the King of Spain.

Headed by designated Army Officers by the Governor General. The province they held was not yet totally under their governance, there were resistance from some Filipinos.

There were three important motives that European countries like Spain drove to conquer new lands.

Headed by an Alcalde. It was a former town but when it became the center of trade and commerce, it turned into a City.

It was headed by the Alcalde Mayor. The position was exclusive only for Spanish and Mestizos.