Worksheetsfluids and Electrolytes Quiz 2
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 20mins
1. A client who has been suffering from severe diarrhea has developed hypokalemia and cardiac arrhythmias as a result. Which of the following treatments would most likely be ordered for this client to correct the situation?
A. IV administration of potassium
B. Oral intake of potassium by electrolyte preparations
C. Encouraged intake of potassium-rich foods, such as bananas
D. No intervention but continue to monitor the client's hemodynamic status
2. The client who has had thyroid surgery is at risk for hypocalcemia due to possible trauma to the parathyroid. Normal calcium levels are 8.4-10.2 mg/dL, so a level of 7.5 mg/dL indicates hypocalcemia. The nurse should assess for signs of hypocalcemia, which include numbness or tingling of the face and extremities, muscle cramps and twitching, seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias, and a positive Chvostek's sign. Chvosteks' sign occurs when you tap the facial nerve and the facial muscle twitches on the respective side.
A. Assess for signs of hypercalcemia
B. Administer intravenous furosemide
C. Administer intravenous calcium gluconate
D. Assess for signs of hypercalcemia
3. A nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from surgery. The client has developed a headache, muscle weakness, and mental status changes. The nurse notes that the client’s glucose level is 85 mg/dL, sodium is 126 mEq/L, potassium is 4.8 mEq/L and calcium is 8.6 mg/dL. What intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to perform in this situation?
A. Administer 3% sodium chloride solution
B. Give potassium chloride in 5% dextrose
C. Offer the client a drink containing glucose
D. Administer calcium supplements orally
4. A client has a calcium reading of 11 mg/dL. What does the nurse expect the patient's phosphorus reading to be?
A. 2 mg/dL
B. 3 mg/dL
C. 4 mg/dL
D. 5 mg/dL
5. A student nurse is reviewing electrolytes and understands that which of the following is the function of calcium in heart conduction?
A. Depolarize the cell
B. Repolarize the cell
C. Increase the strength of contraction
D. Increase the heart rate
6. The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic, and crackles are audible on auscultation. What additional manifestations would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present?
A. Weight loss and dry skin
B. Flat neck and hand veins and decreased urinary output
C. An increase in blood pressure and increased respirations
D. Weakness and decreased central venous pressure (CVP)
7. The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The nurse reviews the client’s record and determines that the client is at risk for developing the potassium deficit because of which situation?
A. Sustained tissue damage
B. Requires nasogastric suction
C. Has a history of Addison’s disease
D. Uric acid level of 9.4 mg/dL (559 μmol/L)
8. Potassium chloride intravenously is prescribed for a client with hypokalemia. Which actions should the nurse take to plan for the preparation and administration of the potassium? Select all that apply.
A. Obtain an intravenous (IV) infusion pump.
B. Monitor urine output during administration.
C. Prepare the medication for bolus administration.
D. Monitor the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis.
E.. Ensure that the medication is diluted in the appropriate volume of fluid.
9. The nurse is assessing a client with a suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to note in the client?
A. Twitching
B. Hypoactive bowel sounds
C. Negative Trousseau’s sign
D. Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes
10. The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who receives high doses of a diuretic. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client has flat neck veins, generalized muscle weakness, and diminished deep tendon reflexes. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in a client with hyponatremia?
A. Muscle twitches
B. Decreased urinary output
C. Hyperactive bowel sounds
D. Increased specific gravity of the urine
11. The nurse reviews a client’s laboratory report and notes that the client’s serum phosphorus (phosphate) level is 1.8 mg/dL (0.45 mmol/L). Which condition most likely caused this serum phosphorus level?
A. Malnutrition
B. Renal insufficiency
C.
Hypoparathyroidism
D. Tumor lysis syndrome
12. The nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On reviewing the clients’ medical records, the nurse determines which client is most likely at risk for a fluid volume deficit?
A. A client with an ileostomy
B. A client with heart failure
C. A client on long-term corticosteroid therapy
D. A client receiving frequent wound irrigations
13. Which client is at risk of developing a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L (5.5 mmol/L)?
A. The client with colitis
B. The client with Cushing’s syndrome
C. The client who has been overusing laxatives
D. The client who has sustained a traumatic burn
14. The nurse assesses the client with chronic renal failure and notes the following: crackles in the lung bases, elevated blood pressure, and weight gain of 2 lb in 1 day. Based on these data, which of the following nursing diagnoses is appropriate?
A. Excess fluid volume related to the kidney’s inability to maintain fluid balance.
B. Ineffective breathing pattern related to fluid in the lungs.
C. Ineffective tissue perfusion related to interrupted arterial blood flow.
D. Ineffective therapeutic regimen management related to lack of knowledge about therapy
15. The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The nurse reviews the client’s record and determines that the client was at risk for developing the potassium deficit because of which situation?
A. Sustained tissue damage
B. Requires Nasogastric suction
C. Has a history of Addison’s disease
D. Is taking a potassium-retaining diuretic
16. A nurse is caring for a client with metastatic breast cancer who is extremely lethargic and very slow to respond to stimuli. The laboratory report indicates a serum calcium level of 12.0 mg/dl, a serum potassium level of 3.9 mEq/L, a serum chloride level of 101 mEq/L, and a serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L. Based on this information, the nurse determines that the client’s symptoms are most likely associated with which electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
17. 24. An expected physiologic response to a low potassium level is:
A. Cardiac dysrhythmias.
B. Hyperglycemia.
C. Hypertension
D. Increased energy.
18. The nurse caring for a client who has been receiving intravenous (IV) diuretics suspects that the client is experiencing a fluid volume deficit. Which assessment finding would the nurse note in a client with this condition?
A. Weight loss and poor skin turgor
B. Lung congestion and increased heart rate
C. Decreased hematocrit and increased urine output
D. Increased respiration and increased blood pressure
19. The client receives an I.V. infusion of 5% dextrose in normal saline running at 125 mL/hour. When hanging a new bag of fluid, the nurse notes swelling and hardness at the infusion site. The nurse should first:
A. Discontinue the infusion.
B. Apply a warm soak to the site.
C. Stop the flow of solution temporarily.
D. Irrigate the needle with normal saline
20. The client with acute renal failure asks the nurse for a snack. Because the client’s potassium level is elevated, which of the following snacks is most appropriate?
A. A gelatin dessert.
B. Yogurt.
C. An orange.
D. Peanuts.
