The act of shortening or state of being pushed together, resulting in a reduction in size or volume of an elastic body.

The deformation of a body under the action of an applied force.

Allow movement between slab and fixed parts of the building such as columns, walls, and machinery bases.

The resistance of a material to longitudinal stress, measure by the minimum amount of longitudinal stress required to rupture the material.

The axial stress that develops at the cross section of an elastic body to resist the collinear compressive forces tending to shorten it.

The property of a material that enables it to retain its appearance and integrity when exposed to the effects of sun, wind, moisture, and changes in temperature.

A joint between two successive placement of concrete, often keyed or doweled to provide lateral stability across the joint.

The elongation of a unit length of material produced by a tensile stress.

An internal force tangential to the surface on which it acts, developed by a body in response to a shear force.

A high-strength steel strand or bar for prestressing concrete.

A structural steel column thoroughly encased in concrete reinforced with both vertical and spiral reinforcement.

Any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subjected to a negative movement.

The depth of a concrete section measured from the compression face to the centroid of the tension reinforcement.

A concrete section in which the tension reinforcement reaches its specified yield strength before the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain.

Softwood lumber intended for general building purpose, including boards, dimension lumber, and timber.

A check that extends completely through a board or wood veneer.

The presence of bark or absence of wood at a corner or along an edge of a piece.

A vertical laminated wood beam made by fastening together 2 or more smaller members with bolts, lag screws, or spikes, equal in strength to the sum of the strengths of the individual pieces if none of the laminations are spliced.

A building material made of wood or other plant fibers compressed with a binder into rigid sheets.

A pitched truss having tension members extending from the foot of each top chord to an intermediate point of the opposite top chord.

Yard lumber less than 2” thick and 2” or more wide.

A plate for uniting structural members meeting in a single plane.

A structural frame based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear members subject only to axial tension or compression.

A joint that physically separates two adjacent building masses so that free vibratory movement in each can occur independently of the other.

The ability of a structure, when disturbed from a condition of equilibrium by an applied load, to developed internal forces or moments that restore the original condition.

A cable anchorage that allows rotation but resists translation only in the direction of the cable.

Yard lumber from 2” – 4” thick and 2” or more wide.

The potential high-shearing stress developed by the reactive force of a column on a reinforce slab.

Any of the U-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal reinforcement of a concrete beam to resist the vertical component of diagonal tension.