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WorksheetsAPHuG Unit 6 Review
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
In the development of urban land, which of the following is typically built on the most accessible sites?
Single-family housing
Farm markets
Retail complexes
Industrial parks
High-rise apartment buildings
Based on a comparison of the zones in the model shown, which of the following best explains how the model is limited in its representation of present-day urban land-use patterns?
The model does not account for the prices of agricultural land on the urban periphery, where land prices continue to decline.
The model does not show that taller buildings constructed in the central business district are a result of increased land costs.
The model does not indicate that land for apartment buildings is more expensive than land for single-family homes.
The model does not account for the existence of suburbs composed of single-family homes where the housing structure is more expensive than the land it is built on.
The model does not show the cost-to-distance effects of multiple suburban central business districts and the pattern of residential areas that surround them.
Which of the following best explains what the concentric zone model and bid-rent curve illustrate about patterns of urban areas?
Together they show how housing prices rise exponentially in rural areas.
Together they show how land prices rise exponentially closer to the central business district.
Together they show how rents for apartments drop precipitously closer to the central business district.
Together they show how rents for agricultural land rise exponentially farther from cities.
Together they show how rents for commercial office space rise exponentially on the urban periphery.
All of the following have helped create ghettos in North American cities EXCEPT
blockbusting and racial steering
redlining by financial institutions
concentration of public housing and social services
fixed school district boundaries
Economic Enterprise Zones
Which of the following is a true statement about classic models of city structure?
The concentric zone model does not have a transitional area.
The sector model is highly influenced by transportation patterns.
The central business district has the most dominant position in the multiple nuclei model.
The multiple nuclei model and the sector model are similar in that they both have only one core.
The interaction between the central city and the suburbs is greatest in the urban realm model.
Which of the following best explains the strength of the diagram shown as a theoretical model in human geography?
The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas that were once colonial-era Spanish cities.
The model presents a general theory that is applicable to metropolitan areas that were first settled in the era of postcolonial independence.
The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas that were once colonial-era Portuguese cities.
The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas with service-based urban economies.
The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas with technology-based urban economies.
The National Capital Territory of Delhi, India, includes the old city of Delhi; the national capital city of New Delhi; and surrounding districts, where much of the city’s population resides.
A. Using the data in the table, describe how Delhi is classified as a megacity.
B. Describe a pull factor that has contributed to Delhi’s total population change over time.
C. Explain how local housing development has contributed to the change in Delhi’s population density, as shown in the data table.
D. Given Delhi’s population density, describe a challenge related to urban infrastructure that the city’s government is likely to face.
E. Explain the challenge to Delhi’s local environmental sustainability that is shown in the photograph.
F. Explain the degree to which India’s level of economic development as a country contributes to Delhi’s local challenges to environmental sustainability.
G. Explain a possible solution to the challenge of environmental sustainability that is shown in the photograph.
(a)
La Défense is an edge city constructed in the late twentieth century and characterized by high-rise office buildings. Which of the following best explains why La Défense is located on the outskirts of Paris?
The land at the center of Paris is filled with numerous historic buildings that residents do not want torn down.
Land in the city center is not as valuable as land on the edge of the city.
The center of Paris is not well-served by public transportation.
La Défense needs access to the river in order to export manufactured goods to other countries in Europe.
The center of Paris is inhabited by low-income residents, and wealthy residents prefer to live in the suburbs.
As old central business districts and industrial zones in more developed countries lost businesses and employment in the mid- to late twentieth century, suburban development expanded. Which of the following types of cities resulted from rapid suburban growth and the expansion of retail areas, office developments, business centers, and corporate headquarters to provide jobs and services in suburban areas?
Megalopolises
Financial districts
State capitals
Edge cities
Manufacturing zones
Which of the following is true of an edge city?
It is located on the edge of a lake, river, or other physical feature.
It is close to bankruptcy.
It is an outlet for a region’s trade.
It is increasingly used for heavy industry.
It has a large amount of recently developed retail and office space.
Although gentrification can revitalize cities by rehabilitating residential areas, which of the following problems can be explained by the type of building renovations shown in the before and after images?
More parking leading to decreased public transportation use
Higher rents causing displacement of existing residents
New buildings causing environmental sustainability issues
Disuse changing areas into zones of abandonment
Unfair real estate practices resulting in housing and insurance discrimination cases
Which of the following best describes the process of gentrification in United States and Canadian cities?
An increase in construction of new housing for elderly and retired persons
Privately funded redevelopment of existing commercial and residential buildings
Government-led planning of public spaces such as parks and riverfronts
The sale of naming rights for stadiums and arenas
The expansion of suburban housing developments on the urban periphery
The presence of media hubs, coalitions focusing on specific environmental challenges, and headquarters for multinational corporations in major cities help explain how such cities
avoid participation in global processes and decision making
are linked globally in ways that transcend national political boundaries
are isolated and dependent on national political boundaries for security
preserve cultural heritage and contribute to increasing isolation
generate individual wealth and drive economic development within cities boundaries
Which of the following is a general theory in geography that can be used to quantify and predict the interaction between two cities based on population sizes, distance between the places, the number of migrants moving from one place to the other, or the flow of trade goods between the two locations?
Central place theory
World system theory
Concentric zone model
Multiple nuclei model
Gravity model
Which of the following groups would most likely engage in the gentrification of an older residential neighborhood?
University students on limited incomes
Double-income households without children
People above age sixty-five on limited incomes
Double-income households with children
Recent immigrants on limited incomes
Historically, the growth of North American suburbs was most constrained by
high land values
zoning ordinances
limited transportation
housing shortages
cultural preferences
Which of the following best explains the importance of stock exchanges in the cities of Mumbai, India and Shanghai, China?
These cities have a large manufacturing labor force.
These cities function as global economic centers in the core.
These cities function as global economic centers in the semiperiphery.
These edge cities have a large number of high-technology companies.
These edge cities are built at the intersection of transportation routes.
Which of the following best explains what the central business district data indicate?
Business owners want to have fast Internet available for their consumers in order to improve online ratings for local services and generate return customers.
Consumers demand that the fastest Internet service available before they will consider visiting a city or selecting a hotel for work or business trips.
Politicians and activists have made Internet connectivity a basic right of urban residents and feel that governments should provide services to increase the connectivity of citizens.
Government policy makers and business partners have focused infrastructure efforts on creating a downtown work environment that is positive for economic development.
Communications companies expect that increasing Internet speeds will lead to increased number of subscribers to their networks.
International company headquarters, significant global financial functions, and a polarized social structure are defining characteristics of
primate cities
entrepôts
forward capitals
world cities
edge cities
Most Latin American cities are focused on a
central plaza
government housing project
zone of heavy industry
skyscraper office building
squatter settlement
Which of the following types of urban land use is most common on the periphery of cities in Latin America?
A plaza surrounded by a central business district
Parks and recreation areas
Upper-class residential developments
Residential squatter settlements
Rail transportation corridors
With regard to environmental sustainability, which of the following explains an advantage of urban light-rail networks in Europe and East Asia compared to most light-rail systems in United States cities?
Light-rail is integrated with fast commuter railroad networks and subways and extends out to multiple suburbs.
Light-rail networks connect locations in downtown central business districts.
Light-rail stations tend to be simple boarding platforms that do not have parking areas.
Light-rail lines tend to lack a large central train terminal for passengers to transfer between trains headed in different directions.
Light-rail lines often work on the honor system where a pass or permit is used to ride the train and there may be random ticket checks.
Many medium-sized metropolitan areas such as Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, or Charlotte, North Carolina, have added light-rail train systems to their public-transit networks. Which of the following best explains the goals of light-rail projects?
Reduce highway accident numbers due to unsafe driving and outdated, less-safe vehicles
Protect wetlands and local lakes from water pollution caused by industrial waste discharge
Reduce the ecological footprint of cities and reduce the air pollution created by vehicle exhaust
Redevelop urban brownfields and promote farmland protection policies that reduce urban sprawl
Plan for sustainable residential zoning and establish an urban-growth boundary around cities
Which of the following best explains a geographic characteristic shared by megacities in the global periphery?
Megacities developed due to major investments in high-speed railways and subway systems.
Abundant job opportunities in megacities lead to low unemployment rates.
Deindustrialization is causing megacity populations to decline.
Megacities demonstrate unplanned growth patterns and often contain squatter settlements.
Megacities were built in strategic defensive locations and maintain a strong military presence.
A large proportion of urban residents in the megacities of the periphery of the world system live in squatter settlements.
A. Describe a typical location of squatter settlements within urban areas of megacities on the global periphery.
B. Describe two factors that contribute to the formation of squatter settlements.
C. Give a detailed account of THREE consequences of the rapid growth of squatter settlements. The three consequences you discuss may be social, economic, political or environmental.
(a)
Which of the following is the primary reason for the rapid population growth in megacities throughout the developing world?
Interregional migration
A decline in the death rate
The natural increase rate
The decline in the dependency ratio
A decrease in the doubling time
Mixed-use development, pedestrian-friendly design, and the incorporation of front porches and alleys are design elements of which of the following?
New urbanism
Transit-oriented development
Zero growth
Urban growth boundaries
Leapfrog development
The multiple-nuclei model of city structure tends to be most applicable to
small cities
traditional cities
Latin American cities
newer, fast-growing cities
cities with homogeneous land use
New Urbanism is an example of sustainable urban development. This type of development is intended to
reduce the miles driven on personal vehicles
increase the need for senior housing
increase the need for shopping mall development
decrease the density of the urban area
reduce the need for mass transit
In the last half of the twentieth century some United States cities experienced decline due to deindustrialization and loss of population due to suburbanization. To counteract the inner city decline, urban planners have embraced New Urbanism and mixed-use development to attract residents back to the city.
A. Identify TWO goals of the New Urbanism movement.
B. Explain the difference between mixed-use development and traditional zoning practices.
C. Explain TWO benefits of mixed-use development in promoting urban growth.
D. Explain TWO criticisms of New Urbanism.
(a)
The map above shows percent change in population for counties in Texas from the 2000 to the 2010 census. The three largest metropolitan areas are Dallas-Fort Worth (Tarrant and Dallas Counties), Houston (Harris County), and San Antonio (Bexar County). Which of the following statements best explains urban growth in the period from 2000 to 2010 ?
Population in the extreme western counties in Texas remained stable with little growth or decline during the 2000–2010 period, indicating a low birth rate.
The greatest percentage growth in population occurred in locations in central Texas during the 2000–2010 period, indicating a trend of city residents moving to rural areas.
All of the counties surrounding the major metropolitan areas experienced negative growth in the 2000–2010 period, indicating the process of deindustrialization.
The greatest percentage growth in population occurred in counties adjacent to the three largest metropolitan areas, indicating continued suburbanization.
There has been a steady increase in population growth for all counties in the extreme southeastern coastal area, indicating the popularity of coastal living.
According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country has a population of 10 million, the next largest city will have a population of
9 million
8 million
7.5 million
5 million
3.5 million
Which of the following was NOT a reason for rapid suburbanization in the United States after the Second World War?
Mass production of the automobile
Reduction in long-distance commuting
Expansion of home construction
Expansion of the interstate highway system
Availability of low down payment terms and long-term mortgages
All of the following are reasons for the rise of suburban development in the 1950s EXCEPT
the building of interstate highways
the G.I. Bill of Rights
better public transportation
the desire for more space
prefab construction methods
Using the diagram above, at what distance from the central business district will recreational land use begin to outbid all other land uses?
About 3 miles
About 6 miles
About 10 miles
About 12 miles
About 18 miles
As migrants from rural areas continue to move to cities for jobs, cities face a variety of economic and social challenges. Which of the following economic or social challenges is best illustrated by the photograph shown of Mumbai, India?
The city's infrastructure cannot support the high population density in the central business district.
A large number of unemployed people live in the city.
There is a significant income gap between residents on the periphery of the city and residents in the city center.
The city's economic status in the global market is declining.
There is a high level of homelessness in the city's central business district.
The image shows a squatter settlement at the edge of a city in South Africa. What information regarding causes and effects does the image convey?
The image shows the living conditions of people in the squatter settlement, who are unable to acquire permanent housing within the city.
The image shows the location of the squatter settlement relative to the central business district where wealthy people live.
The image shows the size of the squatter settlement and the need for additional land.
The image shows the cultural beliefs and values of the people living in the squatter settlement.
The image can be used to determine the number of people who live in the squatter settlement.
Which of the following factors best explains the development and expansion of squatter settlements?
Gentrification of megacities in more developed countries displacing large numbers of urban dwellers
Rapid urbanization and inability of infrastructure to keep pace with the growth of megacities in developing countries
Urban dwellers seeking residential housing and shopping outside the congestion of the city
Zoning laws in developing countries that prevent current urban dwellers from obtaining land to build residential structures
The growth of urban agriculture encouraging migrant farm workers to move to cities requiring more housing
The photograph above shows high-density residential housing built in the early 2000s in Henderson, Nevada, a suburb of Las Vegas, developed to accommodate large increases in population in the area. Which of the following best explains the growth in population and housing shown in the image and the census data?
The growth brought on by resource extraction and industrialization
The impacts of deindustrialization in other Sun Belt–region cities
A period of immigration from southern Europe and eastern Europe
A cycle of rapid economic development and real estate investment
A phase of water-resource and hydroelectric-power development
In the United States and Canada, which areal unit best approximates a city neighborhood in size?
A census tract
A county
A municipality
A congressional district
A metropolitan area
The map shows urbanized areas. Which of the following additional types of quantitative data will be most helpful to a geographer analyzing expansion of the urbanized areas shown on the map?
A census tract map of each city and the surrounding counties showing the difference in population density over a ten-year period
A census tract map of each city and the surrounding counties showing the difference in household incomes over a ten-year period
A census tract map of each city and the surrounding counties showing the average age from the most recent ten-year census
A county map of each state showing total population from the most recent ten-year census
A county map of each state showing the change in average number of people per household from the most recent ten-year census
Which of the following best explains the city planning trends shown in the data table?
Business development efforts have been made to increase the prices charged for commercial real estate.
Transit-oriented development efforts have been made to decrease traffic and reduce the city's carbon footprint.
Mixed-use development efforts have been made to increase the integration of residential and commercial land use.
Economic development efforts have been made to improve benefits for employees working in the city.
Social development efforts have been made to improve the quality of life for city residents.
Which of the following models best represents an old colonial port zone and its surrounding commercial districts?
Southeast Asian city model
Galactic city model
Islamic city model
Latin American city model
Multiple nuclei model
An advantage of the Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model over the Burgess concentric zone model and the Hoyt sector model of internal city structure is that the multiple nuclei model
easily incorporates depiction of linear and areal physical relief features
allows for the central business district to be situated in an edge city
is also applicable to rural areas beyond the urban periphery
easily incorporates construction of a new airport on the urban periphery
has a monocentric focus that limits the inclusion of urban sprawl
The galactic city model was developed in response to the growth of suburbs and the need for a more complex model than the sector and concentric zone models. Which of the following is a strength of the galactic city model?
It depicts exurban nodes.
It depicts a central business district.
It depicts early-twentieth-century industrial cities.
It is based on the location of an international airport.
It is based on the decrease of urban sprawl.
Which of the following best describes urban planning in the United States?
It is imposed by the federal government through national standards.
It is accomplished, for the most part, through local ordinances governing land use.
It follows rules and standards established by international organizations.
It is imposed by state governments through regional standards.
It is conducted cooperatively by public-private partnerships.
Which of the following exemplifies a smart-growth approach to urban planning?
Construction of wider highways in an effort to lessen congestion
Conversion of farmland to housing to encourage migration to suburbs
Creation of zoning laws that separate retail space from housing developments
Creation of walkable neighborhoods with mixed-use land and access to public transportation
Construction of affordable housing in suburban neighborhoods
Which of the following best describes the difference in urban transportation issues faced by cities in different parts of the world?
Extreme traffic congestion during rush hour is a largely North American issue due to high levels of automobile ownership.
High rates of ridership on public transit in western Europe and Japan reflect lower income levels compared to the United States.
Most less developed countries continue to avoid urban transportation issues, but government planners fear development will bring transportation problems.
The relatively low population density of North American cities encourages automobile use, sprawl, and traffic congestion.
Many cities around the world are successfully fighting traffic congestion by building more limited-access expressways.
What is a common impact of urbanization regardless of a country’s level of economic development?
Urbanization means a loss of agricultural production due to the loss of farmland and farmworkers.
Urbanization leads to a more egalitarian society as the difference between urban and rural lifestyles is reduced.
Urbanization creates a larger cultural and economic gap between urban and rural areas.
Urbanization creates a labor force with a diversity of job skills and compensation levels.
Urbanization creates socially and economically diverse cities that have little social conflict.
Cities in the United States and Canada experience many forces that change the form and character of metropolitan areas. Sometimes the changes are viewed as positive, and sometimes the changes may be seen as negative.
A. Describe an economic force that encourages people to move into metropolitan areas.
B. Explain ONE reason why suburbanization occurs in the United States and Canada.
C. Explain ONE reason why gentrification occurs in the United States and Canada.
D. Compare gentrification and suburbanization in terms of the socioeconomic impacts on an area’s original residents.
E. Explain how gentrified neighborhoods or areas of New Urbanism redevelopment can affect the larger metropolitan area’s housing economy.
F. Describe a way redevelopment using New Urbanism changes the population density of a city.
G. Explain ONE reason that people may desire to migrate away from metropolitan areas.
(a)
