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WorksheetsSelective Breeding and Genetic Engineering Study ?'s
Total questions: 15
Worksheet time: 45mins
For centuries, certain animals have been crossed to produce offspring that have desirable qualities. Dogs have been mated to produce Labradors, beagles, and poodles. All of these dogs look and behave very differently from one another. This technique of producing organisms with specific qualities is known as
Gene Replication
natural selection
random mutation
selective breeding
The diagram below represents a technique used in some molecular biology laboratories. This technique is a type of
chromatography
gel electrophoresis
direct harvesting
genetic engineering
A gene that codes for resistance to glyphosate, a biodegradable weedkiller, has been inserted into certain plants. As a result, these plants will be more likely to
produce cheinicals that kill weeds growing near them
die when exposed to glyphosate
convert glyphosate into fertilizer
survive when glyphosate is applied to them
For those individuals who have an allergic reaction to cats, a company in Los Angeles promises relief. They offer a new line of cats genetically modified to eliminate or reduce their allergy-causing properties. The development of this new line of cats most likely involved
using natural selection to produce a new variety of cat
altering the reproductive rate of cats
changing the behavior of cats
manipuladng the DNA of cats
Researchers Cohn and Boyer transferred a gene from an African clawed frog into a bacterium. To accomplish this, these scientists had to use
enzymes to cut out and insert the gene
hereditary information located in amino acids
radiation to increase the gene mutation rate of the bacterial cells
cancer cells to promote rapid cell division
Genetic engineering has the potential to correct human genetic disorders. In gene therapy, a defective gene is replaced by using a virus to insert a normal gene into the cells of an individual. This treatment will be most successful if the virus is inserted into cells that
lack a nucleus
are recycled after death, rather than removed from the body
carry out one specific function, rather than multiple functions
continue to divide during the life of the patient
Many diabetics are now using insulin that was made by certain bacteria. The ability of these bacteria to produce insulin was most likely the result of
deleting many DNA segments from bacterial DNA
genetic mapping of bacterial DNA to activate the gene for insulin production
inserting a portion of human DNA into the ring-shaped DNA of bacteria
using radiation to trigger mutations
Scientists have cloned sheep but have not yet cloned a human. The best explanation for this situation is that
the technology to clone humans has not been explored
human reproduction is very different from that of other mammals
there are many ethical problems involved in cloning humans
cloning humans would take too long
Which statement best describes human insulin that is produced by genetically engineered bacteria?
This insulin will not function normally in humans because it is produced by bacteria.
This insulin is produced as a result of human insulin being inserted into bacteria cells.
This insulin is produced as a result of exposing bacteria cells to radiation, which produces a mutation.
This insulin may have fewer side effects than the insulin previously extracted from the pancreas of other
animals.
In the United States, there has been relatively little experimentation involving the insertion of genes from other species into human DNA. One reason for the lack of these experiments is that
the subunits of human DNA are different from the DNA subunits of other species
there are many ethical questions to be answered before inserting foreign genes into human DNA
inserting foreign DNA into human DNA would require using techniques completely different from those used
to insert foreign DNA into the DNA of other mammals
human DNA always promotes human survival, so there is no need to alter it
Recently, a type of genetically modified fish has been approved for sale for human consumption. The modified fish contain a growth hormone gene from a different fish species. As a result, the modified fish grow rapidly and are ready to sell in almost half the time it normally would take. The modified fish are able to produce the new growth hormone because
each of their cells contains the new gene to produce growth hormone
each gene contains the code to synthesize carbohydrates
the altered gene directs the mitochondria to synthesize
the modified body cells are able to reproduce by meiosis
Some farmers currently grow gentically engineered crops. An argument against the use of this technology is that
increases crop production
produces insect-resistant plants
long-term effects on humans are still being investigated
always results in crops that do not taste good
The accompanying diagram illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology. The letter X most likely represents
bacterial cells that are unable to synthesize insulin
human cells that are able to synthesize antibodies
bacterial cells that are able to synthesize insulin
human cells that are unable to resist antibiotics
Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterium commonly known as Bt, produces a protein that can kill certain insects that feed on corn crops. Scientists have been successful in transferring the gene that codes for this protein from the bacterium to the corn, so the corn can now make the Bt protein. Corn borers, insects that eat corn, die when they feed on corn containing the Bt protein. A potential problem associated with increased production of Bt com is
corn borers may stop feeding on corn plants
corn borers may develop resistance to the Bt protein
farmers may need to use less pesticide to control corn borers
corn borers may compete with other insects that feed on corn plants
As part of an experiment, a bacterial culture was grown in a lab for two days. No additional nutrients were added to the culture after the initial set-up. As the bacteria reproduced asexually, the population of the culture was measured every six hours. Some of the data related to the bacterial growth are shown in the data table below.
One likely reason bacteria would be grown in laboratory cultures would be to
increase the number of antibiotics produced by human cells
eliminate the cloning of cells that can fight disease
increase the production of specialized proteins by using genetic engineering
decrease the amount of bacteria naturally present in organisms
