Executive order that required government employers to take “affirmative action” to prevent discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin.

Supreme Court case that outlawed racial quotas but permitted race to be taken into account when making admissions decisions in higher education.

First African American woman elected to Congress.

First African American representative from Georgia since Reconstruction who was appointed U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations by Jimmy Carter in 1976

and later became mayor of Atlanta and helped bring the 1996 Olympic Games to the city

National Security Advisor under Reagan then

first African American Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Bush and then first African American to serve as Secretary of State under George W. Bush

Attended law school at Howard University in DC because no law schools in Virginia accepted African Americans; became first African-American since reconstruction elected to Virginia State Senate and later first African-American Governor of Virginia

Virginia's first African American Representative in Congress since Reconstruction.

Which of the following was NOT a reason for an increase in the African American middle class in the 1960s and 1970s?

What is the term for when one group of students significantly outperforms another group?

Which of the following groups is composed of African American US Senators and Representatives?