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WorksheetsCh. 33 Virus
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 50mins
Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to bacteria and viruses?
Metabolism
Ribosomes
Genetic material composed of nucleic acids
Cell division
Independent existence
Which of the following supports the argument that viruses are nonliving?
They lack genetic material.
They are not cellular.
Their DNA does not encode proteins.
They have RNA rather than DNA.
They do not evolve.
Viruses ________.
manufacture their own ATP, proteins, and nucleic acids
use the host cell to copy themselves and make viral proteins
) use the host cell to copy themselves and then viruses synthesize their own proteins
metabolize food and produce their own ATP
When people die from HIV infections, it is usually because they ________.
have too many HIV particles in their lymphatic system, which causes it to shut down
have too few T cells to adequately fight infection
have too many T cells, and this overwhelms their immune systems
divert too much energy toward replicating the virus
What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?
An epidemic is a disease that spreads or becomes more common; a pandemic is a disease that remains stable in terms of numbers affected.
An epidemic is a disease; a pandemic is a treatment.
An epidemic is restricted to a local region; a pandemic is global.
An epidemic has low mortality; a pandemic has higher mortality.
An epidemic is caused by a bacterial infection; a pandemic is caused by a viral infection.
HIV is inactivated in the laboratory after a few minutes of sitting at room temperature, but the flu virus is still active after sitting for several hours. What are the practical consequences of these findings?
HIV can be transmitted more easily from person to person than the flu virus.
The flu virus can be transmitted more easily from person to person than HIV.
This property of HIV makes it more likely to be a pandemic than the flu virus.
Disinfecting surfaces are more important to reduce the spread of HIV than of the flu.
Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle?
Many bacterial cells containing viral DNA are produced.
Viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome.
The viral genome replicates without destroying the host.
A large number of phages are released at a time.
The virus-host relationship usually lasts for generations.
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
It hydrolyzes the host cell's DNA.
It uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.
It converts host cell RNA into viral DNA.
It translates viral RNA into proteins.
It uses viral RNA as a template for making complementary RNA strands.
Which of the following can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans?
Taking vitamins
Getting vaccinated
Taking antibiotics
Applying antiseptics
Taking drugs that inhibit transcription
Effective antiviral drugs are usually associated with which of the following properties?
Ability to remove all viruses from the infected host
Interference with viral replication
Prevention of the host from becoming infected
Removal of viral proteins
Removal of viral mRNAs
A bacterium is infected with an experimentally constructed bacteriophage composed of the T2 phage protein coat and T4 phage DNA. The new phages produced would have ________.
T2 protein and T4 DNA
T2 protein and T2 DNA
T4 protein and T4 DNA
T4 protein and T2 DNA
RNA viruses require their own supply of certain enzymes because ________.
host cells rapidly destroy the viruses
host cells lack enzymes that can replicate the viral genome
these enzymes translate viral mRNA into proteins
these enzymes penetrate host-cell membranes
these enzymes cannot be made in host cells
You just discovered a new virus. This virus infects heart muscle, where it causes inflammation, and has a very high mutation rate. Which of the following is the best strategy for finding a treatment for this virus?
Develop a vaccine from living viruses.
Identify the receptor this virus uses and develop a drug that blocks the receptor.
Encourage infected individuals to engage in heart-strengthening exercise.
Develop a drug that blocks the host's ribosomes, which the virus uses to produce its proteins.
What is the main structural difference between enveloped and nonenveloped viruses?
Enveloped viruses have their genetic material enclosed by a layer made only of protein.
Nonenveloped viruses have only a phospholipid membrane, whereas enveloped viruses have two membranes, the other one being a protein capsid.
Enveloped viruses have a phospholipid membrane outside their capsid, whereas nonenveloped viruses do not have a phospholipid membrane.
Both types of viruses have a capsid and phospholipid membranes; but in the nonenveloped virus, the genetic material is between these two membranes, and in the enveloped virus, the genetic material is inside both membranes.
The virus genome and viral proteins are assembled into virions (virus particles) during ________.
the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle in all known host organisms
the lysogenic cycle only
the lytic cycle only
the lytic cycle in all host organisms but the lysogenic cycle only in bacteria
What would the result be if a drug that blocks the action of RNA polymerase was introduced into a virus-infected organism?
The virus would not be able to enter new host cells.
The viral proteins would not be made, and the virus would not be able to reproduce.
The newly formed virions (virus particles) would be unable to leave the host cell.
Viral proteins and viral DNA particles would not be able to assemble.
Which of the following viruses would most likely have reverse transcriptase?
An RNA-based lytic virus
An RNA-based lysogenic virus
A DNA-based lytic virus
A DNA-based lysogenic virus
You have isolated a newly discovered virus and are attempting to characterize it. You begin with its genome. You first isolate the virion-producing mRNA from cultured cells infected with the virus. When you compare this mRNA to the viral genome, you find that they are complementary. What does this tell you?
This virus has a positive-sense genome.
This virus has a negative-sense genome.
This virus has an ambisense genome.
The virus does not use DNA or RNA.
Which of the following could use reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome?
ssRNA
dsRNA
ssDNA
dsDNA
A population of viruses with similar characteristics is called a ________.
strain
species
type
genome
sense
Mimivirus contains some of the genes required for protein synthesis. This is cited as support for which hypothesis about the origins of viruses?
Degeneration
Origin of life
Escaped-genes
Transposable elements
Which of the following human diseases is caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome inside the host cell?
Herpes
AIDS
Smallpox
Influenza
Common cold
You isolate a cell infected with an adenovirus. What are you most likely going to see when you examine the cell?
The cell has lysed.
The viral particles in the cell are surrounded by a membranous envelope.
Reverse transcriptase is present in the nucleus.
The virus is budding from the cell membrane.
To make a vaccine against mumps, measles, or rabies, which type of viruses would be useful?
dsDNA viruses
Negative-sense ssRNA viruses
Retroviruses
Positive-sense ssRNA viruses
dsRNA viruses
You believe that you have isolated a new strain of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus and set about studying it in your laboratory. Which of the following lines of evidence would most strongly support your hypothesis that the virus is a [+]ssRNA?
The virions are diploid.
You sequence the bases in the viral RNA and the mRNA and find them to be antiparallel.
Introducing a protease inhibitor causes the virus to stop producing proteins and reproducing.
Introducing a reverse transcriptase inhibitor slows down the growth of the virus.
