WorksheetsEOC Practice 2
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 37mins
Considering the new definition of life, all but one piece evidence supports the fact that a virus must be referred to as an organism. That is:
Viruses contain nucleic acids.
Viruses are capable of replication.
Viruses have a simple cellular structure.
Viruses have an evolutionary history and that implies lineage.
A model of the cell cycle is shown here. Based on your knowledge of the cell cycle and the percentage of cells in each stage of the cell cycle, evaluate each of the following statements. Select ALL correct options.
90% of the time the cell is in interphase.
Mitosis is the longest phase of the cell cycle.
10% of the time, the cell is dividing its nucleus and cytoplasm.
The cell spends almost half of its time growing in size and duplicating organelles.
The cell spends 5X more time duplicating the DNA compared to dividing the nuclear components.
Viral characteristics include all BUT which one?
Most viruses are much smaller than bacteria.
Viruses do not contain any nucleic acids.
Viruses infect all types of life forms on Earth.
Viruses multiply several ways but always in a host.
According to cell theory, scientists do not classify a virus as living because it does not have
a membrane.
genetic material.
cellular structure.
any organic molecules.
A population of fruit flies is shown to be evolving as certain phenotypes seem to become more and more prominent over several years. Scientists have measured the changes, and the phenotypes have not been at equilibrium for more than five generations. Which of these factors could be playing a role in these changes? Select ALL that apply.
The population can have new mutations that appear due to random changes to the DNA.
Sexual selection could occur as certain individuals in the population mate with greater frequency.
Speciation has occurred, preventing the fruit flies from mating with members within the same population.
Natural selection can favor certain phenotypes over others, increasing the survival of more fit individuals.
Random mating increases the prevalence of the dominant trait and suppresses the prevalence of the recessive trait.
Climate change has been studied by scientists for some time. However, the impact of climate change on the Arctic is of even more concern. The Arctic is expected to experience the most dramatic changes and at the same time undergo more rapid warming than any other biome on earth. Compared to other biomes, the Arctic has been relatively constant over time but is considered to have little resistance to climate change. For this reason, the Arctic is particularly vulnerable to the relatively rapid, major climate changes that are being observed on earth today. Select ALL of the ways in which climate change will likely affect the stability of the Arctic ecosystem.
Sea warming can impact fish spawning.
Sea ice reduction will impact hunting for carnivores.
Whales will have less habitat available due to ice melt.
Melting permafrost will cause an explosion of plant species.
Ocean acidification will affect organisms with shells such as coral reefs and crustaceans.
The food web illustrated above shows plants and animals, but does not indicate bacteria. If bacteria were truly missing from this food web, what is the most likely effect on the community?
Grasshoppers would eat at a lower level of the food chain without bacterial presence.
Rhinoceros would become carnivores without the digestive aid of prokaryotes in their gut.
Decomposition rates would be lower, resulting in fewer nutrients being able to the plants.
Cellular respiration rates would increase in heterotrophs since competition for resources would decrease.
As a result of _______________, the incorrect sequence of amino acids will be translated into a protein, resulting in a mutation.
deletion
insertion
inversion
crossing over
Scientists have been genetically modifying food crops since the mid 1990's. As a result, scientists have been able to produce crops that are more disease resistant. What could be seen as a risk associated with using genetically modified crops?
reduction in nutritional value of the food crop
plants can be "tailor made" for the desired trait
crops may cause an increase of allergic reactions in humans
crop production would be increased due to greater disease resistance
Based on the information seen in the image above, what is a major difference between viruses and bacteria?
Bacteria can reproduce but viruses cannot.
Bacteria contain DNA and viruses contain RNA.
All bacteria are pathogenic, but only some viruses are pathogenic.
Viruses are surrounded by a protein coat; bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall.
The fossil evidence found in these sedimentary layers BEST implies that
invertebrates evolved into vertebrates.
animals evolved bony skeletons after shells.
plants and animals with bones evolved together.
land animals and marine animals evolved together.
A plant with round seeds is crossed with another plant with round seeds. Round are dominant over oval seeds. When two heterozygous round-seeded plants are crossed, what is expected of their offspring, assuming random chromosome segregation?
The oval-shaped plant will appear 50% of the time.
The round-shaped plant will appear 100% of the time.
The oval-shaped plant will most likely appear 75% of the time.
The round-shaped plant will most likely appear 75% of the time.
The bones in the front limbs of many mammals are similar in their structure and arrangement. What term is used to describe physical similarities between related species that indicates a common ancestry?
vestigial organs
convergent anatomy
embryonic parallels
homologous structures
Two students describe natural selection to their classmates. Student 1 describes that individuals are able to evolve to fit their changing environment and thus result in populations that are well adapted over time. Student 2 proposes that natural selection occurs when selective pressures act on individuals but evolution affects whole populations. Which student should refine their explanation of natural selection and why?
Student 1 should revise the explanation because individuals in a population cannot change the genetic component of their DNA, so they cannot evolve.
Student 1 should revise the explanation because environments cannot change enough in an individual's lifetime to see evidence of natural selection.
Student 2 should revise the explanation because selective pressures only act on entire populations while survival occurs with individuals.
Student 2 should revise the explanation because it does not account for the extinction of populations after heavy selective pressures.
A comparison of sexual and asexual reproduction is made by a group of students. Which statements accurately support the argument that sexual reproduction is advantageous over asexual reproduction in many species? Select all that apply.
Sexual reproduction leads to greater mutation rate than asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction has a greater level of cell division than asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction produces greater numbers of offspring than asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction involves two parents which contribute equally to the offspring's genetics.
Sexual reproduction involves meiosis and fertilization which leads to increased genetic variation in the offspring.
Somatic or body cells grow, repair, and in some cases, differentiate. Eventually, growing cells must divide or undergo mitosis, to maintain homeostasis. A cell grows and carries out all normal metabolic functions and processes in a period called G1 of the cell cycle, as seen here. G1 is followed by replication of the DNA, during the S phase. The S phase or synthesis phase, is period during which a cell replicates its DNA. Growth continues throughout G2 and then finally mitosis occurs. All of this requires energy. All BUT ONE is a step in supplying energy to maintain homeostasis and promote cell division. That is
Glucose enters cells through facilitated diffusion.
Mitochondria produce ATP molecules via cellular respiration.
The terminal phosphate bond of ATP is broken and energy is released.
ATP molecules diffuse through the cell membrane and travel to the mitochondria.
The central dogma of molecular biology is centered upon the process of protein synthesis, in which the information from DNA is transcribed and translated, resulting in multiple amino acids being joined to form _______________.
lipids
proteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
What law BEST explains why we would expect 75% of the offspring to have large teeth?
Law of Dominance
Law of Segregation
Law of Filial Generations
Law of Independent Assortment
A farmer had an accident and spilled a chemical into his pond. Several days later, he notices many dead frogs around the pond. That summer, the number of gnats around the pond was higher than ever. This is because
the chemical is good for the gnats.
the frogs are a limiting factor for the gnats.
the gnats are a limiting factor for the frogs.
the chemical is a limiting factor for the gnats.
The images represent sexual and asexual reproduction. These methods of reproduction vary in terms of the genetic composition of offspring. In __________ the offspring are genetically identical to the parents.
Image A
Image B
Images B and C
Images B, C, and D
