The __________________________ standard requires school officials have a valid educational purpose for their censorship and the censorship is not intended to silence a particular viewpoint they disagree with or that is unpopular.

The ___________________ standard requires school officials to show censorship is based on a reasonable forecast of material and substantial disruption of school activities or an invasion of the rights of others.

The banner "Bong Hits 4 Jesus" was par of the Frederick v. Morse U.S. Supreme Court case.

It is difficult to define __________________, since the Supreme Court in 1973 ruled that the local community had to write the definition.

There are ______ legal jurisdictions in the United States.

Four conditions must be present for libel to occur. They are identification, _____________, publication, and fault.

A defamatory statement’s presence on a computer screen in the newsroom where it is read by other students could constitute _________________, one of the four conditions for libel to occur.

Care should be taken that: (1) the subject’s identity has been disguised enough so that no one can reasonably make ___________________ and (2) the disguised subject does not resemble some third party who would then have cause for complaint. Every story should clearly state what facts have been altered.

Red Flag” statements that could cause significant harm to a person’s reputation; extra caution is advised are examples of _________________

If the reporter did everything a “reasonable reporter” should have done to verify the information in his or her story before publishing it – for example, talked to all sides, obtained and read all relevant documents, took accurate notes, etc. – the reporter is not legally “at __________.”

In order for a public official or a public figure to prove defamation, they must prove actual _________. Actual ___________ requires that the person suing prove that the challenged statement was published by those who either knew it was false or were reckless in verifying its accuracy. New York Times Company v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964).

A phrase that appears to be libelous when taken at face value is libel ______.

A phrase that does not appear to be libelous when taken at face value, but in fact may be, is _______.

_______ is the intent, without good case, to commit an act that will result in harm to some person or group.

The key word in the definition of malice is ______.

The best defense against libel is ______.

________________ may be used as a defense if the publication has fairly criticized someone who relies on the public support.

Members of Congress and other government officials have __________ privilege when they are speaking during official proceedings.

News reporters enjoy ______ privilege in that they have the right to report on official trial proceedings without the fear of being sued.

________ damages compensate the plaintiff for damage to his or her reputation.

________ damages compensate the plaintiff for financial loss.

________ damages compensate the plaintiff for malice.

There are ___ words in the First Amendment.

There are ______ areas of unprotected speech.

Some of the nine areas of unprotected speech include all EXCEPT:

Some of the nine areas of unprotected speech include all EXCEPT:

Some of the nine areas of unprotected speech include all EXCEPT:

There are 11 federal court circuits in the United States. Kansa is in the ______ circuit.

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) was part of the ___________ case.

In the __________ case, the judge held the school did not have a right to censor because the student publication had been operating as a public forum.