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Worksheets

SAT Reading

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 3hrs 3mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
In today’s idea-driven economy, the cost of time is what really matters. With the constant pressure to innovate, it makes little sense to waste countless collective hours commuting. So, the most efficient and productive regions are those in which people are thinking and working—not sitting in traffic.The auto-dependent transportation system has reached its limit in most major cities and megaregions. Commuting by car is among the least efficient of all our activities—not to mention among the least enjoyable, according to detailed research by the Nobel Prize–winning economist Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues. Though one might think that the economic crisis beginning in 2007 would have reduced traffic (high unemployment means fewer workers traveling to and from work), the opposite has been true. Average commutes have lengthened, and congestion has gotten worse, if anything. The average commute rose in 2008 to 25.5 minutes, “erasing years of decreases to stand at the level of 2000, as people had to leave home earlier in the morning to pick up friends for their ride to work or to catch a bus or subway train,” according to the U.S. Census Bureau, which collects the figures. And those are average figures. Commutes are far longer in the big West Coast cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco and the East Coast cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C. In many of these cities, gridlock has become the norm, not just at rush hour but all day, every day.The costs are astounding. In Los Angeles, congestion eats up more than 485 million working hours a year; that’s seventy hours, or nearly two weeks, of full-time work per commuter. In D.C., the time cost of congestion is sixty-two hours per worker per year. In New York it’s forty-four hours. Average it out, and the time cost across America’s thirteen biggest city-regions is fifty-one hours per worker per year. Acrossthe country, commuting wastes 4.2 billion hours of work time annually—nearly a full workweek for every commuter. The overall cost to the U.S. economy is nearly $90 billion when lost productivity and wasted fuel are taken into account. At the Martin Prosperity Institute, we calculate that every minute shaved off America’s commuting time is worth $19.5 billion in value added to the economy. The numbers add up fast: five minutes is worth $97.7 billion; ten minutes, $195 billion; fifteen minutes, $292 billion.It’s ironic that so many people still believe the main remedy for traffic congestion is to build more roads and highways, which of course only makes the problem worse. New roads generate higher levels of “induced traffic,” that is, new roads just invite drivers to drive more and lure people who take mass transit back to their cars. Eventually, we end up with more clogged roads rather than a long-term improvement in traffic flow.The coming decades will likely see more intense clustering of jobs, innovation, and productivity in a smaller number of bigger cities and city-regions. Some regions could end up bloated beyond the capacity of their infrastructure, while others struggle, their promise stymied by inadequate human or other resources.
The passage most strongly suggests that researchers at the Martin Prosperity Institute share which assumption?
a)
Employees who work from home are more valuable to their employers than employees who commute.
b)
Employees whose commutes are shortened will use the time saved to do additional productive work for their employers.
c)
Employees can conduct business activities, such as composing memos or joining conference calls, while commuting.
d)
Employees who have lengthy commutes tend to make more money than employees who have shorter commutes.
2.
In today’s idea-driven economy, the cost of time is what really matters. With the constant pressure to innovate, it makes little sense to waste countless collective hours commuting. So, the most efficient and productive regions are those in which people are thinking and working—not sitting in traffic.The auto-dependent transportation system has reached its limit in most major cities and megaregions. Commuting by car is among the least efficient of all our activities—not to mention among the least enjoyable, according to detailed research by the Nobel Prize–winning economist Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues. Though one might think that the economic crisis beginning in 2007 would have reduced traffic (high unemployment means fewer workers traveling to and from work), the opposite has been true. Average commutes have lengthened, and congestion has gotten worse, if anything. The average commute rose in 2008 to 25.5 minutes, “erasing years of decreases to stand at the level of 2000, as people had to leave home earlier in the morning to pick up friends for their ride to work or to catch a bus or subway train,” according to the U.S. Census Bureau, which collects the figures. And those are average figures. Commutes are far longer in the big West Coast cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco and the East Coast cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C. In many of these cities, gridlock has become the norm, not just at rush hour but all day, every day.The costs are astounding. In Los Angeles, congestion eats up more than 485 million working hours a year; that’s seventy hours, or nearly two weeks, of full-time work per commuter. In D.C., the time cost of congestion is sixty-two hours per worker per year. In New York it’s forty-four hours. Average it out, and the time cost across America’s thirteen biggest city-regions is fifty-one hours per worker per year. Acrossthe country, commuting wastes 4.2 billion hours of work time annually—nearly a full workweek for every commuter. The overall cost to the U.S. economy is nearly $90 billion when lost productivity and wasted fuel are taken into account. At the Martin Prosperity Institute, we calculate that every minute shaved off America’s commuting time is worth $19.5 billion in value added to the economy. The numbers add up fast: five minutes is worth $97.7 billion; ten minutes, $195 billion; fifteen minutes, $292 billion.It’s ironic that so many people still believe the main remedy for traffic congestion is to build more roads and highways, which of course only makes the problem worse. New roads generate higher levels of “induced traffic,” that is, new roads just invite drivers to drive more and lure people who take mass transit back to their cars. Eventually, we end up with more clogged roads rather than a long-term improvement in traffic flow.The coming decades will likely see more intense clustering of jobs, innovation, and productivity in a smaller number of bigger cities and city-regions. Some regions could end up bloated beyond the capacity of their infrastructure, while others struggle, their promise stymied by inadequate human or other resources.
As used in line 38, “intense” most nearly means
a)
emotional
b)
concentrated
c)
brilliant
d)
determined
3.
In 1996, a loggerhead turtle called Adelita swam across 9,000 miles from Mexico to Japan, crossing the entire Pacific on her way. Wallace J. Nichols tracked this epic journey with a satellite tag. But Adelita herself had no such technology at her disposal. How did she steer a route across two oceans to find her destination?Nathan Putman has the answer. By testing hatchling turtles in a special tank, he has found that they can use the Earth’s magnetic field as their own Global Positioning System (GPS). By sensing the field, they can work out both their latitude and longitude and head in the right direction.Putman works in the lab of Ken Lohmann, who has been studying the magnetic abilities of loggerheads for over 20 years. In his lab at the University of North Carolina, Lohmann places hatchlings in a large water tank surrounded by a large grid of electromagnetic coils. In 1991, he found that the babies started in the opposite direction if he used the coils to reverse the direction of the magnetic field aroundthem. They could use the field as a compass to get their bearing.Later, Lohmann showed that they can also use the magnetic field to work out their position. For them, this is literally a matter of life or death. Hatchlings born off the sea coast of Florida spend their early lives in the North Atlantic gyre, a warm current that circles between North America and Africa. If they’re swept towards the cold waters outside the gyre, they die. Their magnetic sense keeps them safe.Using his coil-surrounded tank, Lohmann could mimic the magnetic field at different parts of the Earth’s surface. If he simulated the field at the northern edge of the gyre, the hatchlings swam southwards. If he simulated the field at the gyre’s southern edge, the turtles swam west-northwest. These experiments showed that the turtles can use their magnetic sense to work out their latitude—their position on a north-south axis. Now, Putman has shown that they can also determine their longitude—their position on an east-west axis.He tweaked his magnetic tanks to simulate the fields in two positions with the same latitude at opposite ends of the Atlantic. If the field simulated the west Atlantic near Puerto Rico, the turtles swam northeast. If the field matched that on the east Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands, the turtles swam southwest. In the wild, both headings would keep them within the safe, warm embrace of the North Atlantic gyre.Before now, we knew that several animal migrants, from loggerheads to reed warblers to sparrows, had some way of working out longitude, but no one knew how.By keeping the turtles in the same conditions, with only the magnetic fields around them changing, Putman clearly showed that they can use these fields to find their way. In the wild, they might well also use other landmarks like the position of the sea, sun and stars.Putman thinks that the turtles work out their position using two features of the Earth’s magnetic field that change over its surface. They can sense the field’s inclination, or the angle at which it dips towards the surface. At the poles, this angle is roughly 90 degrees and at the equator, it’s roughly zero degrees. They can also sense its intensity, which is strongest near the poles and weakest near the Equator. Different parts of the world have unique combinations of these two variables. Neither corresponds directly to either latitude or longitude, but together, they provide a “magnetic signature” that tells the turtle where it is.
The passage most strongly suggests that Adelita used which of the following to navigate her 9,000-mile journey?
a)
The current of the North Atlantic gyre
b)
Cues from electromagnetic coils designed by Putman and Lohmann
c)
The inclination and intensity of Earth’s magnetic field
d)
A simulated “magnetic signature” configured by Lohmann
4.
In 1996, a loggerhead turtle called Adelita swam across 9,000 miles from Mexico to Japan, crossing the entire Pacific on her way. Wallace J. Nichols TRACKED this epic journey with a satellite tag. But Adelita herself had no such technology at her disposal. How did she steer a route across two oceans to find her destination?
As used in line 2, “tracked” most nearly means
a)
searched for
b)
traveled over
c)
followed
d)
hunted
5.
In 1996, a loggerhead turtle called Adelita swam across 9,000 miles from Mexico to Japan, crossing the entire Pacific on her way. Wallace J. Nichols tracked this epic journey with a satellite tag. But Adelita herself had no such technology at her disposal. How did she steer a route across two oceans to find her destination?Nathan Putman has the answer. By testing hatchling turtles in a special tank, he has found that they can use the Earth’s magnetic field as their own Global Positioning System (GPS). By sensing the field, they can work out both their latitude and longitude and head in the right direction.Putman works in the lab of Ken Lohmann, who has been studying the magnetic abilities of loggerheads for over 20 years. In his lab at the University of North Carolina, Lohmann places hatchlings in a large water tank surrounded by a large grid of electromagnetic coils. In 1991, he found that the babies started in the opposite direction if he used the coils to reverse the direction of the magnetic field aroundthem. They could use the field as a compass to get their bearing.Later, Lohmann showed that they can also use the magnetic field to work out their position. For them, this is literally a matter of life or death. Hatchlings born off the sea coast of Florida spend their early lives in the North Atlantic gyre, a warm current that circles between North America and Africa. If they’re swept towards the cold waters outside the gyre, they die. Their magnetic sense keeps them safe.Using his coil-surrounded tank, Lohmann could mimic the magnetic field at different parts of the Earth’s surface. If he simulated the field at the northern edge of the gyre, the hatchlings swam southwards. If he simulated the field at the gyre’s southern edge, the turtles swam west-northwest. These experiments showed that the turtles can use their magnetic sense to work out their latitude—their position on a north-south axis. Now, Putman has shown that they can also determine their longitude—their position on an east-west axis.He tweaked his magnetic tanks to simulate the fields in two positions with the same latitude at opposite ends of the Atlantic. If the field simulated the west Atlantic near Puerto Rico, the turtles swam northeast. If the field matched that on the east Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands, the turtles swam southwest. In the wild, both headings would keep them within the safe, warm embrace of the North Atlantic gyre.Before now, we knew that several animal migrants, from loggerheads to reed warblers to sparrows, had some way of working out longitude, but no one knew how.By keeping the turtles in the same conditions, with only the magnetic fields around them changing, Putman clearly showed that they can use these fields to find their way. In the wild, they might well also use other landmarks like the position of the sea, sun and stars.Putman thinks that the turtles work out their position using two features of the Earth’s magnetic field that change over its surface. They can sense the field’s inclination, or the angle at which it dips towards the surface. At the poles, this angle is roughly 90 degrees and at the equator, it’s roughly zero degrees. They can also sense its intensity, which is strongest near the poles and weakest near the Equator. Different parts of the world have unique combinations of these two variables. Neither corresponds directly to either latitude or longitude, but together, they provide a “magnetic signature” that tells the turtle where it is.
Based on the passage, which choice best describes the relationship between Putman’s and Lohmann’s research?
a)
Putman’s research contradicts Lohmann’s.
b)
Putman’s research builds on Lohmann’s.
c)
CLohmann’s research confirms Putman’s.
d)
Lohmann’s research corrects Putman’s.
6.

He tweaked his magnetic tanks to simulate the fields in two positions with the same latitude at opposite ends of the Atlantic. If the field simulated the west Atlantic near Puerto Rico, the turtles swam northeast. If the field matched that on the east Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands, the turtles swam southwest. In the wild, both headings would keep them within the safe, warm embrace of the North Atlantic gyre.Before now, we knew that several animal migrants, from loggerheads to reed warblers to sparrows, had some way of working out longitude, but no one knew how.By keeping the turtles in the same conditions, with only the magnetic fields around them changing, Putman clearly showed that they can use these fields to find their way. In the wild, they might well also use other landmarks like the position of the sea, sun and stars. Why was reed warblers to sparrows, added to the passage?

a)

contrast the loggerhead turtle’s migration patterns with those of other species.

b)

provide examples of species that share one of the loggerhead turtle’s abilities.

c)

suggest that most animal species possess some ability to navigate long distances.

d)

illustrate some ways in which the ability to navigate long distances can help a species.

7.
For one month after they left the nest, I led my four young ravens at least once and sometimes several times a day on thirty-minute walks. During these walks, I wrote down everything in their environment they pecked at. In the first sessions, I tried to be teacher. I touched specific objects—sticks, moss, rocks—and nothing that I touched remained untouched by them. They came to investigate what I had investigated, leading me to assume that young birds are aided in learning to identify food from the parents’ example. They also, however, contacted almost everything else that lay directly in their own paths. They soon became more independent by taking their own routes near mine. Even while walking along on their own, they pulled at leaves, grass stems, flowers, bark, pine needles, seeds, cones, clods of earth, and other objects they encountered. I wrote all this down, converting it to numbers. After they were thoroughly familiar with the background objects in these woods and started to ignore them, I seeded the path we would later walk together with objects they had never before encountered. Some of these were conspicuous food items: raspberries, dead meal worm beetles, and cooked corn kernels. Others were conspicuous and inedible: pebbles, glass chips, red winterberries. Still others were such highly cryptic foods as encased caddisfly larvae and moth cocoons. The results were dramatic.The four young birds on our daily walks contacted all new objects preferentially. They picked them out at a rate of up to tens of thousands of times greater than background or previously contacted objects. The main initial criterion for pecking or picking anything up was its novelty. In subsequent trials, when the previously novel items were edible, they became preferred and the inedible objects became “background” items, just like the leaves, grass, and pebbles, even if they were highly conspicuous. These experiments showed that ravens’ curiosity ensures exposure to all or almost all items in the environment.
According to the experiment, whether the author’s ravens continued to show interest in a formerly new object was dictated primarily by whether that object was
a)
edible
b)
plentiful
c)
conspicuous.
d)
natural
8.
A subway system is expanded to provide service to a growing suburb. A bike-sharing program is adopted to encourage nonmotorized transportation. 1 To alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area, stoplight timing is coordinated. When any one of these changes 2 occur, it is likely the result of careful analysis conducted by transportation planners.
W
hich choice best maintains the sentence pattern already established in the paragraph?
a)
NO CHANGE
b)
Coordinating stoplight timing can help alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area.
Coordinating stoplight timing can help alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area.
c)
Stoplight timing is coordinated to alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area.
d)
In a congested downtown area, stoplight timing is coordinated to alleviate rush hour traffic jams.
9.

When any one of these changes 2 occur, it is likely the result of careful analysis conducted by transportation planners. Choose the correct grammatical structure for the underlined portion.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

occur, they are

c)

occurs, they are

d)

occurs, it is

10.

The work of transportation planners generally includes evaluating current transportation needs, assessing the effectiveness of existing facilities, and improving those facilities or 3 they design new ones. Choose the correct grammatical structure for the underlined portion.

a)

No Change

b)

to design

c)

designing

d)

design

11.

Most transportation planners work in or near cities, 4 but some are employed in rural areas. Say, for example, a large factory is built on the outskirts of a small town. Traffic to and from that location would increase at the beginning and end of work shifts. Choose the correct grammatical structure for the underlined portion.

a)

no change

b)

where job opportunities are more plentiful.

c)

nd the majority are employed by government agencies.

d)

DELETE the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.

12.

Say, for example, a large factory is built on the outskirts of a small town. Traffic to and from that location would increase at the beginning and end of work shifts. The transportation 5 planner’s job, might involve conducting a traffic count to determine the daily number of vehicles traveling on the road to the new factory. Choose the correct grammatical structure for the underlined portion.

a)

No change

b)

planners' job

c)

planners job,

d)

planners job

13.

If analysis of the traffic count indicates that there is more traffic than the 6 current road as it is designed at this time can efficiently accommodate, the transportation planner might recommend widening the road to add another lane. Choose the correct grammatical structure for the underlined portion.

a)

no change

b)

current design of the road right now

c)

road as it is now currently designed

d)

current design of the road

14.

Transportation planners work closely with a number of community stakeholders, such as government officials and other interested organizations and individuals. 7 Next,representatives from the local public health department might provide input in designing a network of trails and sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. Choose the correct grammatical structure for the underlined portion.

a)

No change

b)

For instance,

c)

Furthermore,

d)

Similarly

15.
According to the American Heart Association, walking provides numerous benefits related to health and well-being. Members of the Chamber of Commerce might share suggestions about designing transportation and parking facilities to support local businesses.
The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
a)
Kept, because it provides supporting evidence about the benefits of walking.
b)
Kept, because it provides an additional example of a community stakeholder with whom transportation planners work.
c)
Deleted, because it blurs the paragraph’s focus on the community stakeholders with whom transportation planners work.
d)
Deleted, because it doesn’t provide specific examples of what the numerous benefits of walking are.
16.

9 People who pursue careers in transportation planning have a wide variety of educational backgrounds. A two-year degree in transportation technology may be sufficient for some entry-level jobs in the field. Choose the correct grammatical structure for the underlined portion.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

People, who pursue careers in transportation planning,

c)

People who pursue careers, in transportation planning,

d)

People who pursue careers in transportation planning,

17.
Most jobs, however, require at least a bachelor’s degree; majors of transportation planners are 10 varied, including fields such as urban studies, civil engineering, geography, or transportation and logistics management. For many positions in the field, a master’s degree is required.
a)
NO CHANGE
b)
varied, and including
c)
varied, which include
d)
varied, and including
18.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is a US government agency whose budget is frequently many times contested.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

oftentimes

c)

repeatedly

d)

Delete the underline portion

19.

Many people think of NASA’s programs as trivial. In truth, the agency has a widespread positive effect on society by serving as a catalyst for innovation and scientific understanding,

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

affect on

c)

effect to

d)

affects on

20.

In truth, the agency has a widespread positive effect on society by serving as a catalyst for innovation and scientific understanding, to create jobs, and showing humanity its place within the universe.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

creating jobs,

c)

for job creation,

d)

the creation of jobs,

21.

But by initiating and collaborating on projects such as the Apollo Moon missions, the space shuttle program, the Hubble Space Telescope, and unmanned planetary exploration, NASA has continually challenged its scientists and engineers to do things that were previously thought impossible.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

Telescope; and

c)

Telescope and;

d)

Telescope and,

22.

All along, these NASA projects have greatly increased international cooperation. A short list of inventions elaborated by NASA includes communications satellites, invisible braces, and cordless tools.


Which choice most effectively sets up the list of examples that follows in the next sentence?

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

garnered national publicity for the agency.

c)

generated a steady stream of new technology.

d)

made a lot of money for the agency.

23.

A short list of inventions elaborated by NASA includes communications satellites, invisible braces, and cordless tools.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

evolved

c)

developed

d)

progressed

24.

A short list of inventions elaborated by NASA includes communications satellites, invisible braces, and cordless tools. All these inventions spawns new industries, and with those industries, jobs

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

spawned

c)

has spawned

d)

spawning

25.

A report by the Space Foundation estimated that NASA contributed $180 billion to the economy in 2005. More than 60 percent of the contribution coming from commercial goods and services created by companies using space-related technology.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

which came

c)

to come

d)

came

26.

Find the number 10 on the excerpt. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence.


In addition, NASA has facilities in Washington, DC, Florida, Texas, California, and other states.


Should the writer make this addition here?

a)

Yes, because it serves as a counterargument to the quotation from astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson.

b)

Yes, because it reinforces the passage’s point about the importance of NASA’s work.

c)

No, because it undermines the passage’s claim about the economic benefits of NASA’s work.

d)

No, because it blurs the paragraph’s focus by introducing information that does not support the paragraph’s claim about the importance of NASA’s work.

27.

With world population topping seven billion, humanity is in need of some perspective. Therefore, we should continue to support NASA not only for practical reasons but also because it is a necessary vehicle for increasing our awareness of how we can fulfill our responsibilities to the planet and each other.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

Instead,

c)

For example,

d)

However,

28.

Which choice best describes the structure of the first paragraph?


Click on the image to enlarge it.

a)

A personal history is narrated, historical examples are given, and a method is recommended.

b)

A position is stated, historical context is given, and earnest advice is given.

c)

Certain principles are stated, opposing principles are stated, and a consensus is reached.

d)

A historical period is described, and its attributes are reviewed.

29.

New theories, new practices too, and technologies are transforming the twenty-first-century workplace at lightning speed

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

also new practices,

c)

in addition to practices,

d)

practices,

30.

To perform their jobs successfully in this dynamic environment, workers in many fields—from social services to manufacturing, must continually acquire relevant knowledge and update key skills.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

fields

c)

fields,

d)

fields;

31.

This practice of continued education, also known as professional development, benefits not only employees but also their employers. Accordingly, meaningful professional development is a shared responsibility: it is the responsibility of employers to provide useful programs, and it is also the responsibility of employees to take advantage of the opportunities offered to them.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

Nevertheless,

c)

Regardless,

d)

Similarly,

32.

If employees find themselves falling behind in the workplace, these critics contend. Then it is the duty of those employees to identify, and even pay

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

contend; then

c)

contend then

d)

contend, then

33.

If employees find themselves falling behind in the workplace, these critics contend, then it is the duty of those employees to identify, and even pay for, appropriate resources to show them how and why they are falling behind and what they should do about it.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

address their deficiencies.

c)

deal with their flaws and shortcomings.

d)

allow them to meet their employers’ needs in terms of the knowledge they are supposed to have.

34.

Forward-thinking employers recognize the importance of investing in the employees they have rather than hiring new staff when the skills of current workers get old and worn out.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

are no good anymore.

c)

become obsolete.

d)

have lost their charm.

35.

The most common forms of professional development provided to employees includes coaching, mentoring, technical assistance, and workshops.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

include

c)

including

d)

has included

36.

Some employers utilize several approaches simultaneously, developing a framework that suits the particular needs of their employees. Around the same time, the figure illustrates a simple yet comprehensive professional-development model created for special education personnel.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

Besides that,

c)

Nevertheless,

d)

DELETE the underlined portion and begin the sentence with a capital letter.

37.

Which choice makes the writer’s description of the figure most accurate?


Click the image to enlarge it. This question applies to the underlined portion of the excerpt.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

participation in foundation and skill-building workshops is the overarching framework. Staff receive coaching and consultation as well as the opportunity to belong to a professional network.

c)

membership in a professional network is the overarching framework within which staff receive coaching and consultation as well as the opportunity to attend foundation and skill-building workshops.

d)

receiving coaching and consultation is the overarching framework within which staff have the opportunity to belong to a professional network as well as attend foundation and skill-building workshops.

38.

Employers can also identify, which employees have successfully completed instructional modules and which need to be offered additional training.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

identify:

c)

identify

d)

identify—

39.

In 1986, McDonald’s caused a stir in Italy when it opened a restaurant next to Rome’s historic Spanish Steps. Young, on-the-go eaters were thrilled; specifically, those who prized regional foods and Italy’s convivial culture built on cooking and long meals feared that the restaurant signaled the death of a way of life.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

for example,

c)

however,

d)

in fact,

40.

To counter the rise of fast food and fast life, a cohort of chefs, journalists, and sociologists spearheaded a Slow Food movement, declaring loyalty to unhurried enjoyment.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

life; a

c)

life: a

d)

life. A

41.

Find the number 25 on the image. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence.


The group’s philosophy was connected to the tale of the hare and the tortoise, in which the tortoise wins the race.


Should the writer make this addition here?


Click the image to enlarge it.

a)

Yes, because it explains the primary belief that led to the development of the Slow Food movement.

b)

Yes, because it reinforces a claim that the writer makes earlier in the paragraph.

c)

No, because it blurs the paragraph’s focus by introducing a new idea that is not clearly explained.

d)

No, because it distracts from the paragraph’s emphasis on the Slow Food movement’s origins and beliefs.

42.

1 Set on the banks of Monocacy Creek, the area that is now Bethlehem, PA, was inhabited by a rich diversity of indigenous peoples. By the time of that contact, the area was primarily one of the Algonquian-speaking Lenape tribe and its various divisions. 3 They traded with many settlers in the mid-Atlantic region.


1. Which of the following best introduces the historical tone of this essay?

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

Home to over 700,000 people,

c)

Long before European contact,

d)

About 50 miles north of Philadelphia,

43.

1 Set on the banks of Monocacy Creek, the area that is now Bethlehem, PA, was inhabited by a rich diversity of indigenous peoples. [A] By the time of that contact, the area was primarily one of the Algonquian-speaking Lenape tribe and its various divisions. 3 They traded with many settlers in the mid-Atlantic region.


3. Which is the correct response to the underlined portion next to number three?

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

It

c)

Some

d)

These groups

44.

Many of us listen to music as a way to calm or energize ourselves. Mona Lisa Chanda and Daniel Levitin, professors at McGill University, have had a look at more than 400 scientific papers on the neurochemical effects of music. Their conclusion was that music truly can boost the body’s immune system, reduce anxiety, and regulate people’s moods.

a)

NO CHANGE

b)

checked out

c)

examined

d)

overlooked

45.
I ate way _____________much breakfast this morning. 
a)
to 
b)
two
c)
too
46.

If I went to _____________concert, I would be very happy.

a)

there

b)

they're

c)

their

d)

thier

47.
The dog wagged ______ tail.
a)
its
b)
it's
c)
its'