an agreement with the pope and the ruler of a country

a steep sided valley that is an inlet of the sea

the capital of Charlemagne's empire

German king the pope declared emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

The seas and rivers in Europw were important because they provided safety and opportunity for

the Germanic people, the __________settled the area today known as France

Charlmagne was the first religious leader to believe in _________ for the people

Between A.D. 800 and 900 Europe was invaded by Muslims, Magyars and _______

In 1073, Pope Greggory ll issued a decree forbidding kings from appointing high ranking ___________ officials

The center of trade in northern Europe

the warrior in armor who fought on horseback

land granted to a vassal or knight

Italian city that was a major trading center

a person who worked the lord's land

under ________land owning nobels governed and protected the people in return for services

two important farming inventions of the middle ages that made turning over soil faster were the horse collar and_______

Medieval knights followed the rules called the code of _______

In medieval towns the townspeople paid _______ to the lord in exchange for basic rights

because the buildings were made of wood and closely spaced,

medieval cities could be easily destroyed by_______