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WorksheetsEOC Review EVOLUTION
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 1hrs 14mins
Some scientists claim recent evidence suggests birds should be reclassified to
share more taxonomic groups with dinosaurs. What type of evidence would
provide the best support for this claim?
evidence showing birds shared similar habitats with dinosaurs
evidence showing birds shared similar nutritional requirements as dinosaurs
evidence showing birds shared similar behaviors with dinosaurs
evidence showing birds shared a common genetic history with dinosaurs
Which statement best describes natural selection?
As the weather changes, organisms that are able to find shelter need less energy to live.
Organisms that eat only plants need less food than organisms that eat animals.
Organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to reproduce
and pass on their traits to their offspring.
Small organisms are more likely to survive than larger organisms.
Some marine worms and mollusks go through similar larval stages during
development. Which can be inferred about their relationship?
They share a common ancestor.
They mate with each other.
They compete for a habitat.
They share the same food source.
An insecticide kills most of the ants on a plant. Over time, it is determined that the
insecticide is not as effective for killing ants. Which statement best explains this
observation?
The ants killed initially by the insecticide were genetically the same as the
surviving ants.
The ants killed initially by the insecticide had thinner cell membranes than
the surviving ants.
The ants that survived were younger than those that died as a result of
the insecticide.
The ants killed by the insecticide and the surviving ants were genetically
different.
An antibiotic which was effective 20 years ago against a specific type of bacterial
infection no longer works against the same kind of infection today. Which best
explains why the antibiotic is no longer as effective as it was 20 years ago?
Bacteria resistant to the antibiotic have killed off nonresistant bacteria.
Viruses have changed the structure of the bacteria that causes the infection.
Resistant bacteria have survived and reproduced at a greater rate than nonresistant bacteria.
The human body has developed an immunity to the antibiotics.
What is the basis for the earliest classification system of organisms?
physical characteristics
differences in habitat
evolutionary relationships
reproductive patterns
Scientists believe that the polar bear in Alaska and the brown bear in Russia
evolved from a common ancestor. Which would be responsible for this
evolutionary change?
artificial selection
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
geographic isolation
Which substance do biochemists often search for in fossils to help better
understand the evolutionary relationships of the organism that formed the fossil?
ATP
DNA
iron
oxygen
What is the difference between the DNA of a dog and the DNA of a fly?
the type of sugar building blocks
the sequence of nucleotides
the strength of hydrogen bonds
the strength of covalent bonds
Some species of millipedes will roll into a ball when threatened, while other species of millipedes can secrete noxious chemicals from their bodies.
These adaptations allow the millipedes to —
survive in different temperatures
avoid different types of predators
conserve different amounts of energy
blend into different types of environments
This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures.
Which statement is supported by this cladogram?
Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than to javelinas.
Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer than to hippopotamuses.
Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales.
Cows and mouse deer are more closely related than javelinas and pigs.
Male guppies found in areas without predators are more colorful than the ones found in locations with large predator populations. A population of adult guppies originating from an area with a large number of predators is transferred to a nearby area with few predators.
Which of these is most likely to happen over a few generations?
The mortality rate of the guppies will increase.
Offspring will stop competing for resources.
There will be an increase in mutations in the offspring.
There will be an increase in the number of colorful guppies.
Many tree frog populations are threatened due to habitat loss. In an effort to promote conservation, tree frogs may be bred in captivity. A zoo acquired male and female tree frogs from two different populations. In the zoo, the tree frogs were able to successfully mate within their own population, but breeding attempts between the two populations were unsuccessful.
Based on this information, which statement correctly describes the relationship between the two populations of tree frogs?
They are in the same species but different kingdoms.
They are in the same class but different phyla.
They are in the same family but different orders.
They are in the same genus but different species.
Conservation biologists studying cheetah populations have determined that the lack of genetic diversity among the cheetahs is due to genetic drift.
Which statement explains the most likely consequence of having a low genetic diversity on the cheetah population?
The chances of a mutation occurring in the cheetah population are decreased, increasing the cheetah survival rate.
The gene pool remains in equilibrium and future generations of cheetah offspring are stronger and better adapted to their environments.
The cheetah population becomes less likely to survive an outbreak of a disease or an environmental change, increasing the chance of species extinction.
Genetic variability is maintained from older cheetah populations that have survived and endured environmental stressors.
The aye-aye lemur is a mammal that feeds mostly on insect larvae that live inside trees. The aye-aye lemur has a specialized middle finger that is long and thin. The aye-aye lemur moves along a tree branch and taps the branch with its specialized finger. When the aye-aye lemur hears a difference in the echo, it will tear open the bark with its teeth until the insect tunnel is exposed. The aye-aye lemur then uses its specialized finger to reach the insect larvae and remove it.
Which selective pressure most likely resulted in the development of the aye-aye lemur’s special adaptation?
Limited availability of water
Competing for mates
Large numbers of natural predators
Food sources that are hard to find
The diagram shows data on the evolution of horses.
The data in the diagram is evidence that —
a new species of horse suddenly appeared
horses slowly developed over time
horses have similar stages of rapid embryological development
horses have a common ancestry with other hooved animals
A dichotomous key for identifying fish is shown.
Based on this key, which two fish have eyes located on either side of their head and are not spotted?
Glassy sweeper and squirrelfish
Glasseye snapper and spotted eagle ray
Spotted goatfish and bandtail puffer
Peacock flounder and glassy sweeper
The Indian leaf butterfly has traits that allow it to resemble a leaf. The bright colors of the monarch butterfly indicate that the butterfly tastes bad and can be poisonous.
How does the appearance of these butterflies help them to survive?
The Indian leaf butterfly is able to avoid predators while the monarch butterfly warns predators away.
The Indian leaf butterfly frightens predators away while the monarch butterfly poisons predators before they can eat it.
Both butterflies rely on camouflage to avoid predation.
Both butterflies cooperate with one another to avoid predation.
A student used a microscope to study four members of the phylum Ciliophora. Members of this phylum move when propelled by hundreds of tiny cilia.
Although these organisms belong to the same phylum, they are classified as different —
families
species
kingdoms
orders
The white cattail is a hybrid species of plant that is a result of the cross between the broad-leaved cattail and the narrow-leaved cattail. Over time, the white cattail has established itself in the wetlands of Midwestern states.
Which of these explains the success of the white cattail?
Favorable genes from parental generations provide advantageous characteristics to the hybrid species.
Hybridization produces offspring traits that allow different species to survive in extreme environments.
Inherited traits passed on from parental generations make hybrid species more susceptible to disease.
Hybrid species display more adaptations due to their reduced genetic diversity.
The gray squirrel, Eastern fox squirrel, and red squirrel are all different species of squirrels. Why is having a scientific name for each species of an organism important?
To prevent existing named organisms from having their names changed as they become extinct
To keep the classification system from being altered as new organisms are discovered
To allow organisms to be placed in many classification levels at the same time
To standardize the naming and organization of organisms to avoid confusion
The diagram shows light-and dark-colored beetles that live on a tree.
Which result is most likely to occur to the beetle population due to predation over time?
The number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase.
There will be more dark-colored beetles than light-colored beetles.
The number of light-colored beetles will decrease.
The dark-colored beetles will move to a different type of tree.
Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes fitness?
Being able to escape from predators
Being among the strongest organisms in a population
Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring
Being able to survive long enough to reach the adult stage
Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould researched the lenses of the eyes of fossil trilobites of different species. In 1972 they published a paper in which they described the tendency of a species to remain the same until a sudden change in the environment causes a new related species to appear.
Which hypothesis was most challenged by the work of Eldredge and Gould?
Redi’s hypothesis that spontaneous generation does not occur
Haeckel’s hypothesis that embryological development mimics the evolution of species
Wallace’s hypothesis that geography affects the distribution of species
Darwin’s hypothesis that the development of species is a slow, gradual process
Scientists use zebra fish to study human genetic diseases because zebra fish and humans share many of the same genetic diseases.
Which statement describes why zebra fish experience similar genetic diseases as humans?
Zebra fish have an omnivorous diet similar to that of humans.
Zebra fish have nucleotide sequences similar to those of humans.
Zebra fish go through embryonic stages similar to those of humans.
Zebra fish produce gametes through a process that is similar to that of humans.
