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Biology EOC Review - Unit 10 - Genetics

Total questions: 42

Worksheet time: 37mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A Punnett square of red (R) and white (r) flower colors is shown below.


Which explanation describes how the presence of a white flower color occurred in the offspring?

a)

Parents are homozygous for the dominant gene expressing red color.

b)

Parents are heterozygous for the dominant gene expressing red color.

c)

Parents are homozygous for the recessive gene expressing white color.

d)

Parents are heterozygous for the recessive gene expressing white color.

2.

In some cat breeds, short hair (H) is dominant to long hair (h). A homozygous male cat with short hair and a long-haired female cat produce offspring. Which percentage of the offspring is predicted to have short hair?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

3.

When red carnations are crossed with white carnations, the resulting flowers are pink. Pink carnations are an example of what type of inheritance pattern?

a)

incomplete dominance

b)

recessive alleles

c)

dominant alleles

d)

codominance

4.

The table below lists human blood group genotypes and phenotypes.


Why is the AB phenotype a result of codominance?

a)

Neither allele is expressed in the phenotype.

b)

Both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.

c)

One allele masks the expression of the other during expression of the phenotype.

d)

Both alleles blend together to form an intermediate phenotype during expression.

5.

Coat color in cats is inherited by X-linked genes, with alleles for black and orange-brown. The alleles and phenotypes are as given below.


A cross between an orange-brown male and a homozygous black female produce four kittens. What is the phenotypic probability of the offspring?

a)

50% black female and 50% black male

b)

50% calico female and 50% black male

c)

50% orange-brown female and 50% black male

d)

50% calico female and 50% orange-brown male

6.

This diagram shows a diploid cell with two pairs of homologous chromosomes.


Due to independent assortment, what is the possible genetic make-up of gametes produced by this organism?

a)

SsTt

b)

Ss, Tt

c)

S, s, T, t

d)

ST, St, sT, st

7.

In human genetics, brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b). A brown-eyed man is heterogeneous (Bb). He marries a blue-eyed woman. What is the probability of their child having blue eyes?

a)

100%

b)

75%

c)

50%

d)

25%

8.

A female is homozygous for a recessive trait (rr), while the male is homozygous dominant for the same trait (RR). What percentage of their offspring would be expected to exhibit the dominant trait?

a)

0 percent

b)

25 percent

c)

50 percent

d)

100 percent

9.

In screech owls, red feathers are dominant over gray feathers. If two heterozygous red-feathered owls are mated, what percentage of their offspring would be expected to have red feathers?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

10.

In sheep, producing white wool (W) is dominant to black wool (w), and having brown eyes (E) is dominant to blue eyes (e). A cross of two heterozygous sheep is shown in the Punnett square below


Which of the following describes an outcome of this cross?

a)

1/16 will have white wool and brown eyes

b)

3/16 will have black wool and brown eyes

c)

4/16 will have white wool and blue eyes

d)

9/16 will have black wool and blue eyes

11.

Billy and Johnny are brothers, but they do not look alike. Which one of the following pairs of factors contributed to this genetic variation?

a)

asexual reproduction and binary fission

b)

crossing over and independent assortment

c)

cytokinesis and cloning

d)

non-disjunction and mitosis

12.

A diagram of meiosis I is shown below.

At which stage of meiosis I does the exchange in genetic material between homologous chromosomes result in recombinant chromosomes?

a)

prophase I

b)

metaphase I

c)

anaphase I

d)

telophase I

13.

While studying meiosis and mitosis for her genetics test, Marisa made notes of the kinds of cells produced from these processes with examples from the body. Which pairing of the cell produced during meiosis and example is correct?

a)

haploid cell : liver cell

b)

diploid cell : sperm cell

c)

haploid cell : egg cell

d)

haploid cell : hair cell

14.

Which best describes the final result of meiosis?

a)

two haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

b)

four haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

c)

two diploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

d)

four diploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

15.

A biological process is shown below.

What is the direct result of this biological process?

a)

duplication of genetic material

b)

formation of mutations within cells

c)

fertilization of an egg with a sperm

d)

generating new combinations of alleles

16.

Which of these statements best describes how the process of crossing over increases genetic variation?

a)

Crossing over conserves the number of genes.

b)

Crossing over provides a uniform rate of mutations.

c)

Crossing over allows for different combinations of genes.

d)

Crossing over permits the sharing of genes between sister chromatids.

17.

Changes to codes in DNA can be passed down from parent to offspring and over time increase the genetic variation of a species. How is increasing genetic variation beneficial to a species over time?

a)

Genetic variation allows a species to remain the same during changing environmental conditions.

b)

Genetic variation limits the ability of a species to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

c)

Genetic variation limits the mutations of a species during changing environmental conditions.

d)

Genetic variation allows a species to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

18.

A mistake occurring in which cell process would most likely cause an increase in genetic variation?

a)

replication of a strand of DNA

b)

removal of waste from the vacuole

c)

chemical conversion of glucose into energy

d)

transfer of mRNA transcripts across the nuclear membrane

19.

The southern sea otter shown below is a marine mammal found off the California coast.

Southern sea otters were thought to have been hunted to extinction in the early 1900s. A group of fewer than 50 otters were discovered off the coast of central California in 1911. Since then, the population has grown to 2800 individuals. Which statement most likely explains how the earlier reduction in genetic variation could affect the future of the southern sea otter?

a)

It could increase the ability of sea otters to find genetically different mates.

b)

It could reduce the causes of all types of mutations in the sea otter population.

c)

It could increase the amount of competition for resources among the sea otters.

d)

It could reduce the ability of the sea otter population to adapt to climate change.

20.

Genetic recombination occurs in many organisms. Which statement explains genetic recombination?

a)

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during meiosis and increases genetic variation in offspring.

b)

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during mitosis and results in offspring identical to the parents.

c)

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during protein synthesis and increases genetic variation in offspring.

d)

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during DNA replication and results in offspring that are identical to the parents.

21.

Compare the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Meiosis makes somatic cells and mitosis makes gametes.

b)

Meiosis consists of one division and mitosis consists of two.

c)

Meiosis is for growth and repair and mitosis is for reproduction.

d)

Meiosis results in haploid cells and mitosis results in diploid cells.

22.

Which process – asexual or sexual reproduction – results in greater genetic variation?

a)

sexual reproduction because the offspring are identical to the parents

b)

sexual reproduction because the offspring are a combination of the parents

c)

asexual reproduction because variation is passed down from parent to offspring

d)

asexual reproduction because two parents contribute to the formation of the offspring

23.

Use the diagrams to answer the question.

Which statement best describes the diagrams shown?

a)

Diagram A represents meiosis resulting with identical daughter cells. Diagram B represents mitosis resulting with identical daughter cells.

b)

Diagram A represents meiosis resulting with genetically unique daughter cells. Diagram B represents mitosis resulting with genetically identical daughter cells.

c)

Diagram A represents mitosis resulting with genetically identical daughter cells. Diagram B represents meiosis resulting with genetically unique daughter cells.

d)

Diagram A represents mitosis and increased genetic diversity in daughter cells. Diagram B represents meiosis and decreased genetic diversity in daughter cells.

24.

The chart below shows characteristics of two different types of cellular division.

Which set of descriptions best completes the chart?

a)

X—forms brain cells; Y—forms egg cells

b)

X—forms skin cells; Y—forms brain cells

c)

X—forms egg cells; Y—forms sperm cells

d)

X—forms sperm cells; Y—forms skin cells

25.

The picture shows different varieties of the same species of corn.

Based on the picture, it can be determined that corn most likely reproduces

a)

asexually, because the offspring is genetically identical to one of its parents.

b)

sexually, because the offspring is genetically identical to one of its parents.

c)

asexually, because the offspring has a mix of DNA from both parents.

d)

sexually, because the offspring has a mix of DNA from both parents.

26.

The parts of the male human reproductive system include the seminal vesicle, prostate gland, vas deferens, urethra, epididymis, scrotum, penis, and testes. A diagram of the male reproductive system is provided.

Which of the following correctly identifies the part labeled C?

a)

Testes

b)

Prostate

c)

Epididymis

d)

Urethra

27.

A diagram of the female reproductive system is provided.

Which of the labeled structures represents the ovary?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

28.

At what point in pregnancy is a developing baby considered a zygote?

a)

After implanting in the uterine wall

b)

After the spinal cord starts to develop

c)

After arms and limbs are present

d)

After a sperm and an egg join together

29.

The diagram below shows parts of the human male reproductive system. Which function is performed by Structure Y?

a)

sperm production

b)

waste elimination

c)

semen transportation

d)

temperature regulation

30.

The diagram shows structures of the human female reproductive system. Which structure from the diagram shows where a fertilized egg normally implants?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

31.

The table shows some stages of development during each trimester of pregnancy. What are the missing titles for each column, in order from left to right?

a)

Trimester 1, Trimester 2, Trimester 3

b)

Trimester 3, Trimester 2, Trimester 1

c)

Trimester 2, Trimester 1, Trimester 3

d)

Trimester 3, Trimester 1, Trimester 2

32.

 The drinking of alcoholic beverages by a pregnant woman is harmful to the development of her fetus. This is most damaging early in the first trimesters of pregnancy because during this time

a)

the lungs of the fetus become functional.

b)

alcohol can easily enter the mouth of the fetus.

c)

many of the essential organs of the fetus are forming.

d)

the fetus cannot excrete wastes.

33.

Sexual reproduction is vital to the propagation of the human race. Which of the following sequences represents the correct order of events in the formation of a human fetus?

a)

Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo → Fertilization

b)

Fertilization → Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo

c)

Blastocyst → Embryo → Differentiation → Zygote

d)

Fertilization → Growth → Differentiation → Zygote

34.
A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?
a)
20
b)
40
c)
80
d)
160
35.
The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
prophase 1
c)
prophase 2
d)
telophase 1
36.
If a somatic cell in a butterfly contains 24 chromosomes, a butterfly egg would contain
a)
3
b)
6
c)
12
d)
24
37.

What are the "X" shaped things in the drawing.

a)

PMATs

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Telophase

38.

If the Diploid number of Unicorns is 66, the Haploid number is

a)

132

b)

17

c)

33

d)

2

39.

Which statement is true about mitosis and meiosis?

a)

Their offspring both show genetic recombination

b)

They produce the same number of daughter cells

c)

The undergo the same number of divisions

d)

They both require DNA replication before division

40.
What scientific process is being shown?
a)
Mixing
b)
Crossing under
c)
Crossing over
d)
square dancing
41.
The process on the left is:
The process on the right is:
a)
Left: meiosis
Right: meiosis
b)
Left: meiosis
Right: cloning
c)
Left: mitosis
Right: meiosis
d)
Left: mitosis
Right: mitosis
42.

Chromosome pairs that have corresponding traits and match up with each other are called:

a)

Heterogeneous chromosomes

b)

homologous chromosomes

c)

Mother and Father chromosomes

d)

Grandmother and grandfather chromosomes