Agrarian (agriculture), plantations exported CASH CROPS like tobacco, rice, and indigo.

Signed by the Puritans in 1620.  This is the first example of SELF- GOVERNMENT in the colonies.

Plymouth, Massachusetts

Turning point in western theater; Grant led Union victory (gained control of Mississippi River and cut the South in HALF

Each branch can control the power of the other two

(states rights issue)  South Carolina declared a federal tariff illegal and cancelled;  President Jackson threatened use of force; state backed down, but still felt that states had the right to secede.

Law passed in 1787 to address the western territory north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi. Established rules to add new states (5,000-territory  60,000 state- no slavery allowed)

2nd war with Britain over British impressment of U.S. sailors and support of Indians on the Frontier;  led to growth in U.S. manufacturing (factories) Francis Scott Key- Star Spangled Banner…”Oh say can you see…”

People who wanted to END slavery

QUAKERS

1865- final battle of the Civil War; location where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant

Political party led by Thomas Jefferson; against a central bank, tariffs and taxation;  agriculture

To end/reduce the use of ALCOHOL widespread support later leads to the 18th amendment in 1919

Sped river travel (Robert Fulton, 1807) makes moving people and goods cheaper and faster

 defined U.S. CITIZEN as any person born in the U.S. and granted EQUAL protection under the law to all citizens

Fishing, shipbuilding, timber

No cruel or unusual punishment, no excessive bail

“punishment should fit the crime”

NY- landscape painters of America’s natural beauty

Making of individual machined parts; CHEAP and FAST mass production- Eli Whitney-muskets 1801)

Elected REPRESENTATIVES make and enforce laws; citizens elect members of Congress directly and President indirectly….addressed the colonial grievance of “No taxation without representation”

Developed because of:

-distance from Britain

-familiar with traditional rights in Britain (voting, Parliament)

Led by Alexander Hamilton;  supported a National Bank, tariffs, and taxation

Punished Massachusetts for Boston Tea Party (Sons of Liberty dumped tea into Boston Harbor)…shut down harbor, forced Bostonians to quarter British soldiers.

Individuals who OPPOSED (against) ratification of the U.S. Constitution wanted WEAK federal gov’t   Led by Patrick Henry and GEORGE MASON

U.S. economic system

Protects property rights, minimal gov’t regulation, entrepreneurship, investment, trade, competition

Factory jobs attracted many to U.S. cities

Germans, Irish (potato famine) fled due to hardships

Belief held in the 19th century by many Americans that the U.S. was destined to span from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean to spread culture and democracy  (James POLK)

Abolished (ended) slavery

1781 (Virginia) British surrender to Washington.. Last major battle of the American Revolution

No quartering troops in times of peace

Defined by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence as “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

FREEDOMS Protected:

R- religion (worship)

A- assembly (meeting)

P- petition (ask for something)

P- press (news)

S- speech (expressing yourself)

1803- Supreme Court case that established the principle of JUDICIAL REVIEW. (Supreme Court can cancel a law that is UNCONSTITUTIONAL)

Loyalty to and personal identification with a SECTION of the U.S. (like the South) instead of the whole nation.  Differences among regions affected the action, reactions and viewpoints of people.

Mexico ceded what became the southwestern U.S. after Mexican War.

New York..an event organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott to support women’s rights. (Declaration of Sentiments)