Far out in the ocean, where the water is as blue as the

prettiest cornflower, and as clear as crystal, it is very,

very deep; so deep, indeed, that no cable could

fathom it: many church steeples, piled one upon

another, would not reach from the ground beneath to

the surface of the water above. There dwell the Sea

King and his subjects. We must not imagine that there is

nothing at the bottom of the sea but bare yellow sand.

No, indeed; the most singular flowers and plants grow

there; the leaves and stems of which are so pliant, that

the slightest agitation of the water causes them to stir as

if they had life. Fishes, both large and small, glide

between the branches, as birds fly among the trees

here upon land. In the deepest spot of all, stands the

castle of the Sea King. Its walls are built of coral, and

the long, gothic windows are of the clearest amber. The

roof is formed of shells, that open and close as the

water flows over them. Their appearance is very

beautiful, for in each lies a glittering pearl, which would

be fit for the crown of a queen.

Based on the description of the kingdom,

the reader can conclude it is -

Somewhere between 750,000 and 1 million people, the

largest crowd ever for a space launch, gathered at Florida's

Cape Kennedy in the days leading to Wednesday, July 16,

1969. Nearly a thousand policemen, state troopers, and

waterborne state conservation patrolmen struggled through

the previous night to keep an estimated 350,000 cars and

boats flowing on the roads and waterways. One enterprising

state auto inspector leased two miles of roadside from

orange growers, charging two bucks a head for viewing

privileges. For $1.50 apiece, another entrepreneur sold

pseudo-parchment attendance certificates with simulated

Old English lettering; an additional $2.95 bought a pseudo

space pen. No tailgate party at any Southeastern

Conference football game could match the summer festival

preceding the first launch for a Moon landing. Sunglassed

spectators dressed in Bermuda shorts or bikinis, even at this

early hour firing up barbecue grill and opening coolers of

soda pop, peering through binoculars and telescopes,

testing camera angles and lenses — people filled every

strand of sand, every oil-streaked pier, every fish-smelling

jetty. Sweltering in 90-degree heat by midmorning, bitten up

by mosquitoes, still aggravated by traffic jams or premium

tourist prices, the great mass of humanity waited patiently for

the mammoth Saturn V to shoot Apollo 11 toward the Moon.

Which idea does the author

emphasize throughout the

selection?

Somewhere between 750,000 and 1 million people, the

largest crowd ever for a space launch, gathered at Florida's

Cape Kennedy in the days leading to Wednesday, July 16,

1969. Nearly a thousand policemen, state troopers, and

waterborne state conservation patrolmen struggled through

the previous night to keep an estimated 350,000 cars and

boats flowing on the roads and waterways. One enterprising

state auto inspector leased two miles of roadside from

orange growers, charging two bucks a head for viewing

privileges. For $1.50 apiece, another entrepreneur sold

pseudo-parchment attendance certificates with simulated

Old English lettering; an additional $2.95 bought a pseudo

space pen. No tailgate party at any Southeastern

Conference football game could match the summer festival

preceding the first launch for a Moon landing. Sunglassed

spectators dressed in Bermuda shorts or bikinis, even at this

early hour firing up barbecue grill and opening coolers of

soda pop, peering through binoculars and telescopes,

testing camera angles and lenses — people filled every

strand of sand, every oil-streaked pier, every fish-smelling

jetty. Sweltering in 90-degree heat by midmorning, bitten up

by mosquitoes, still aggravated by traffic jams or premium

tourist prices, the great mass of humanity waited patiently for

the mammoth Saturn V to shoot Apollo 11 toward the Moon.

Which phrase from the selection best

explains why so many people were at the

launch?

The Law of the Jungle, which never orders

anything without a reason, forbids every

beast to eat Man except when he is killing

to show his children how to kill, and then

he must hunt outside the hunting grounds

of his pack or tribe. The real reason for this

is that man-killing means, sooner or later,

the arrival of white men on elephants, with

guns, and hundreds of brown men with

gongs and rockets and torches. Then

everybody in the jungle suffers. The reason

the beasts give among themselves is that

Man is the weakest and most defenseless

of all living things, and it is unsportsmanlike

to touch him. They say too–and it is true –

that man-eaters become mangy, and

lose their teeth.

The primary theme of the excerpt centers on

the importance of –

The Law of the Jungle, which never orders

anything without a reason, forbids every

beast to eat Man except when he is killing

to show his children how to kill, and then

he must hunt outside the hunting grounds

of his pack or tribe. The real reason for this

is that man-killing means, sooner or later,

the arrival of white men on elephants, with

guns, and hundreds of brown men with

gongs and rockets and torches. Then

everybody in the jungle suffers. The reason

the beasts give among themselves is that

Man is the weakest and most defenseless

of all living things, and it is unsportsmanlike

to touch him. They say too–and it is true –

that man-eaters become mangy, and

lose their teeth.

What is the best summary of the excerpt?

The winter of 1542 was marked by tempestuous weather throughout the

British Isles: in the north, on the borders of Scotland and England, there

were heavy snow-falls in December and frost so savage that by January

the ships were frozen into the harbour at Newcastle. These stark

conditions found a bleak parallel in the political climate which then

prevailed between the two countries. Scotland as a nation groaned

under the humiliation of a recent defeat at English hands at the battle of

Solway Moss. As a result of the battle, the Scottish nobility which had

barely recovered from the defeat of Flodden a generation before, were

stricken yet again by the deaths of their leaders in their prime; of those

who survived, many prominent members were prisoners in English hands,

while the rest met the experience of defeat by quarrelling among

themselves, showing their strongest loyalty to the principle of self-

aggrandizement, rather than to the troubled monarchy. The Scottish

national Church, although still officially Catholic for the next seventeen

years, was already torn between those who wished to reform its

manifold abuses from within, and those who wished to follow England's

example, by breaking away root and branch from the tree of Rome. The

king of this divided country, James V, having led his people to defeat,

lay dying with his face to the wall, the victim in this as much of his own

passionate nature, as of the circumstances which had conspired against

him. When James died on 14 December 1542, the most stalwart prince

might have shrunk from the Herculean task of succeeding him. But his

actual successor was a weakly female child born only six days before,

his daughter Mary, the new queen of Scotland.

The author organizes the

information in the selection

mainly by –

The winter of 1542 was marked by tempestuous weather throughout the

British Isles: in the north, on the borders of Scotland and England, there

were heavy snow-falls in December and frost so savage that by January

the ships were frozen into the harbour at Newcastle. These stark

conditions found a bleak parallel in the political climate which then

prevailed between the two countries. Scotland as a nation groaned

under the humiliation of a recent defeat at English hands at the battle of

Solway Moss. As a result of the battle, the Scottish nobility which had

barely recovered from the defeat of Flodden a generation before, were

stricken yet again by the deaths of their leaders in their prime; of those

who survived, many prominent members were prisoners in English hands,

while the rest met the experience of defeat by quarrelling among

themselves, showing their strongest loyalty to the principle of self-

aggrandizement, rather than to the troubled monarchy. The Scottish

national Church, although still officially Catholic for the next seventeen

years, was already torn between those who wished to reform its

manifold abuses from within, and those who wished to follow England's

example, by breaking away root and branch from the tree of Rome. The

king of this divided country, James V, having led his people to defeat,

lay dying with his face to the wall, the victim in this as much of his own

passionate nature, as of the circumstances which had conspired against

him. When James died on 14 December 1542, the most stalwart prince

might have shrunk from the Herculean task of succeeding him. But his

actual successor was a weakly female child born only six days before,

his daughter Mary, the new queen of Scotland.

What is the meaning of the word

tempestuous as it is used in the first

sentence?

The cub had heard what its mother heard

and now he caught the smell of man —an

unfamiliar smell that had never impinged

upon his nostrils before, yet a smell that he

knew at once for that of an enemy—a smell

that brought a reaction as typical as that

which marked the attitude of the grown

lioness, bringing the hairs along his little spine

erect and baring his tiny fangs. As the adult

moved quickly and stealthily into the

underbrush the small cub, ignoring her

injunction, followed after her, his hind quarters

wobbling from side to side, after the manner

of the very young of his kind, the ridiculous

gait comporting ill with the dignified bearing

of his fore quarters; but the lioness, intent upon

that which lay before her, did not know that

he followed her.

What does the descriptive language

help the reader understand?

The cub had heard what its mother heard

and now he caught the smell of man —an

unfamiliar smell that had never impinged

upon his nostrils before, yet a smell that he

knew at once for that of an enemy—a smell

that brought a reaction as typical as that

which marked the attitude of the grown

lioness, bringing the hairs along his little spine

erect and baring his tiny fangs. As the adult

moved quickly and stealthily into the

underbrush the small cub, ignoring her

injunction, followed after her, his hind quarters

wobbling from side to side, after the manner

of the very young of his kind, the ridiculous

gait comporting ill with the dignified bearing

of his fore quarters; but the lioness, intent upon

that which lay before her, did not know that

he followed her.

The word impinged means -

I thought this heart enkindled lay

On Cupid's burning shrine:

I thought he stole thy heart away,

And placed it near to mine.

I saw thy heart begin to melt,

Like ice before the sun;

Till both a glow congenial felt,

And mingled into one!

What is the most likely reason the poet uses

a simile in line 6?

I thought this heart enkindled lay

On Cupid's burning shrine:

I thought he stole thy heart away,

And placed it near to mine.

I saw thy heart begin to melt,

Like ice before the sun;

Till both a glow congenial felt,

And mingled into one!

Which theme is explored in the poem?

“There he is!” said Michael, pointing suddenly to a shape

that banged heavily against the gate. Jane peered through

the gathering darkness.

“That’s not Daddy,” she said. “It’s somebody else.”

Then the shape, tossed and bent under the wind, lifted the

latch of the gate, and they could see that it belonged to a

woman, who was holding her hat on with one hand and

carrying a bag in the other. As they watched, Jane and

Michael saw a curious thing happen. As soon as the shape

was inside the gate the wind seemed to catch her up into the

air and fling her at the house. It was as though it had flung her

first at the gate, waited for her to open it, and then had lifted

and thrown her, bag and all, at the front door. The watching

children heard a terrific bang, and as she landed the whole

house shook.

“How funny! I’ve never seen that happen before,”

said Michael.

“Let’s go and see who it is!” said Jane, and taking Michael’s

arm she drew him away from the window, through the Nursery

and out on to the landing. From there they always had a good

view of anything that happened in the front hall.

Which phrase best shows why

the shape does not belong

to their father?

“There he is!” said Michael, pointing suddenly to a shape

that banged heavily against the gate. Jane peered through

the gathering darkness.

“That’s not Daddy,” she said. “It’s somebody else.”

Then the shape, tossed and bent under the wind, lifted the

latch of the gate, and they could see that it belonged to a

woman, who was holding her hat on with one hand and

carrying a bag in the other. As they watched, Jane and

Michael saw a curious thing happen. As soon as the shape

was inside the gate the wind seemed to catch her up into the

air and fling her at the house. It was as though it had flung her

first at the gate, waited for her to open it, and then had lifted

and thrown her, bag and all, at the front door. The watching

children heard a terrific bang, and as she landed the whole

house shook.

“How funny! I’ve never seen that happen before,”

said Michael.

“Let’s go and see who it is!” said Jane, and taking Michael’s

arm she drew him away from the window, through the Nursery

and out on to the landing. From there they always had a good

view of anything that happened in the front hall.

At the end of the excerpt, the children

most likely feel -

Hansel, who liked the taste of the roof, tore

down a great piece of it, and Gretel pushed out

the whole of one round window-pane, sat

down, and enjoyed herself with it. Suddenly the

door opened, and a woman as old as the hills,

who supported herself on crutches, came

creeping out. Hansel and Gretel were so terribly

frightened that they let fall what they had in

their hands. The old woman, however, nodded

her head, and said: ‘Oh, you dear children, who

has brought you here? Do come in, and stay

with me. No harm shall happen to you.’ She

took them both by the hand, and led them into

her little house. Then good food was set before

them, milk and pancakes, with sugar, apples,

and nuts. Afterwards two pretty little beds were

covered with clean white linen, and Hansel and

Gretel lay down in them, and thought they were

in heaven.

The words of the old woman

are significant because they show that she -

Hansel, who liked the taste of the roof, tore

down a great piece of it, and Gretel pushed out

the whole of one round window-pane, sat

down, and enjoyed herself with it. Suddenly the

door opened, and a woman as old as the hills,

who supported herself on crutches, came

creeping out. Hansel and Gretel were so terribly

frightened that they let fall what they had in

their hands. The old woman, however, nodded

her head, and said: ‘Oh, you dear children, who

has brought you here? Do come in, and stay

with me. No harm shall happen to you.’ She

took them both by the hand, and led them into

her little house. Then good food was set before

them, milk and pancakes, with sugar, apples,

and nuts. Afterwards two pretty little beds were

covered with clean white linen, and Hansel and

Gretel lay down in them, and thought they were

in heaven.

By telling the story from a third-person point of view,

the author helps the reader understand -

And then the little mermaid went out from her garden,

and took the road to the foaming whirlpools, behind

which the sorceress lived. She had never been that way

before: neither flowers nor grass grew there; nothing but

bare, gray, sandy ground stretched out to the whirlpool,

where the water, like foaming mill-wheels, whirled round

everything that it seized, and cast it into the fathomless

deep. Through the midst of these crushing whirlpools the

little mermaid was obliged to pass, to reach the dominions

of the sea witch; and also for a long distance the only

road lay right across a quantity of warm, bubbling mire,

called by the witch her turfmoor. Beyond this stood her

house, in the centre of a strange forest, in which all the

trees and flowers were polypi, half animals and half plants;

they looked like serpents with a hundred heads growing

out of the ground. The branches were long slimy arms,

with fingers like flexible worms, moving limb after limb from

the root to the top. All that could be reached in the sea

they seized upon, and held fast, so that it never escaped

from their clutches. The little mermaid was so alarmed at

what she saw, that she stood still, and her heart beat with

fear, and she was very nearly turning back; but she

thought of the prince for which she longed, and her

courage returned.

What can the reader conclude

about the little mermaid?

And then the little mermaid went out from her garden,

and took the road to the foaming whirlpools, behind

which the sorceress lived. She had never been that way

before: neither flowers nor grass grew there; nothing but

bare, gray, sandy ground stretched out to the whirlpool,

where the water, like foaming mill-wheels, whirled round

everything that it seized, and cast it into the fathomless

deep. Through the midst of these crushing whirlpools the

little mermaid was obliged to pass, to reach the dominions

of the sea witch; and also for a long distance the only

road lay right across a quantity of warm, bubbling mire,

called by the witch her turfmoor. Beyond this stood her

house, in the centre of a strange forest, in which all the

trees and flowers were polypi, half animals and half plants;

they looked like serpents with a hundred heads growing

out of the ground. The branches were long slimy arms,

with fingers like flexible worms, moving limb after limb from

the root to the top. All that could be reached in the sea

they seized upon, and held fast, so that it never escaped

from their clutches. The little mermaid was so alarmed at

what she saw, that she stood still, and her heart beat with

fear, and she was very nearly turning back; but she

thought of the prince for which she longed, and her

courage returned.

The author included the description of where

the sorceress lives to -

Shortly before liftoff, CBS News commentator Eric

Sevareid, who at age sixty-six was seeing his first manned

shot, described the scene to Walter Cronkite's television

audience: "Walter...as we sit here today...I think the

[English] language is being altered.... How do you say

'high as the sky' anymore, or 'the sky is the limit' — what

does that mean?"

Nowhere on the globe was the excitement as

palpable as it was throughout the United States. In east

Tennessee, tobacco farmers picking small pink flowers

from tobacco plants crowded around a pocket-size

transistor in order to share the big moment. In the harbor

at Biloxi, Mississippi, shrimpers waited on the wharf for

word that Apollo 11 had lifted off. At the Air Force

Academy in Colorado Springs, where 7:30 a.m. classes

were postponed, fifty cadets hovered around one small

TV set. "Everybody held his breath," a twenty-year-old

senior cadet from Missouri said. "Then, as the spaceship

lifted off the ground, we began to cheer and clap and

yell and scream." In the twenty-four-hour casino at

Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, the blackjack and roulette

tables sat empty while gamblers stood spellbound in front

of six television sets.

What is the main idea of

paragraph 2?

Shortly before liftoff, CBS News commentator Eric

Sevareid, who at age sixty-six was seeing his first manned

shot, described the scene to Walter Cronkite's television

audience: "Walter...as we sit here today...I think the

[English] language is being altered.... How do you say

'high as the sky' anymore, or 'the sky is the limit' — what

does that mean?"

Nowhere on the globe was the excitement as

palpable as it was throughout the United States. In east

Tennessee, tobacco farmers picking small pink flowers

from tobacco plants crowded around a pocket-size

transistor in order to share the big moment. In the harbor

at Biloxi, Mississippi, shrimpers waited on the wharf for

word that Apollo 11 had lifted off. At the Air Force

Academy in Colorado Springs, where 7:30 a.m. classes

were postponed, fifty cadets hovered around one small

TV set. "Everybody held his breath," a twenty-year-old

senior cadet from Missouri said. "Then, as the spaceship

lifted off the ground, we began to cheer and clap and

yell and scream." In the twenty-four-hour casino at

Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, the blackjack and roulette

tables sat empty while gamblers stood spellbound in front

of six television sets.

Which of these facts from the selection support

the idea that all types of people were interested

in the launch?