Which logical fault is this:

My client killed Joe Smith, but the cause for his violent behavior was a life of eating Twinkies and other junk food which impaired his judgment.

Which logical fault is this:

People everywhere recognize the need to help the starving children of the world.

Which logical fault is this:

You are either with God or against him.

Which logical fault is this:

David: Can you believe that the president said, "fat people are losers"?

Sam: Where did you hear this?

David: I read it in a headline on BrightBert News.

Sam: He actually said, "People who say, 'fat people are losers' are not only cruel, but they are also wrong as well as being irrational."

Which logical fault is this:

Smoking isn’t harmful. My grandfather smoked a pack a day and lived until 97

Which logical fault is this:

Jane is an intelligent, insightful, well-educated and personable individual, which begs the question: why does she stay at that dead-end job?

Which logical fault is this:

Everyone knows that, without our culture's religion, we all would be like lost sheep.

Which logical fault is this:

Tony wants us to believe that the origin of life was an “accident”. Tony is a godless SOB who has spent more time in jail than in church, so the only information we should consider from him is the best way to make license plates.

Which logical fault is this:

The rescue workers, doctors and various assistants are all heroes because, with the help of God, they managed to save all of the people involved in that accident.

Which logical fault is this:

My opponent suggests that lowering taxes will be a good idea -- this is coming from a woman who eats a pint of Ben and Jerry’s each night!

Which logical fault is this:

Geologists and scientists all over the world are discovering strong evidence for a 6000-year-old earth, yet because of the threat of ruining their reputation, they are suppressing the evidence and keeping quiet.

the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices

“If you are not with us, you are against us”

What is rhetoric?