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Worksheets

Chapters 7, 8 , 9

Total questions: 130

Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Healthy skin is:

a)

very moist

b)

slightly alkaline

c)

ideally fine-grained

d)

rigid

2.

What is the outermost layer of the skin?

a)

Epidermis

b)

Dermis

c)

Subcutaneous layer

d)

Reticular layer

3.

The ___ is the clear, transparent layer just under the skin surface.

a)

stratum granulosum

b)

stratum lucidum

c)

stratum corneum

d)

stratum germinativum

4.

The dark skin pigment called ___ helps protect the sensitive cells in the dermis from the sun's UV energy.

a)

melanin

b)

verruca

c)

stain

d)

elastin

5.

Goosebumps are caused by the:

a)

papillae

b)

hematoma

c)

lentigines

d)

arrector pili muscles

6.

Which of the following is not contained in the reticular layer?

a)

Fat cells

b)

Hair follicles

c)

Sweat glands

d)

Papillae

7.

Blood supplies ___ to the skin.

a)

nutrients and oxygen

b)

oxygen and oil

c)

oil and lymph

d)

nutrients and alkali

8.

Which type of nerve fibers react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain?

a)

Sensory nerve fibers

b)

Motor nerve fibers

c)

Secretory nerve fibers

d)

Sensory muscle fibers

9.

Nerve endings are most abundant in the:

a)

palms

b)

neck

c)

fingertips

d)

genitalia

10.

People who have dark-colored skin mostly produce:

a)

pheomelanin

b)

eumelanin

c)

keratin

d)

collagen

11.

Which of the following does not weaken collagen fibers?

a)

Age

b)

Lack of moisture

c)

Frequent changes in weight

d)

Increased moisture

12.

A majority of scientists believe that most signs of skin aging under the age of 50 are caused by:

a)

poor nutrition

b)

dehydration

c)

sun exposure

d)

disease

13.

The sweat glands:

a)

help eliminate waste products

b)

protect the skin from injury

c)

secrete sebum

d)

produce collagen

14.

The excretion of sweat is controlled by which body system?

a)

Digestive system

b)

Nervous system

c)

Circulatory system

d)

Respiratory system

15.

The sebaceous glands are not found in which of the following parts of the body?

a)

Arms

b)

Abdomen

c)

Head

d)

Palms

16.

A hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum is called:

a)

a comedo

b)

acne

c)

a wheal

d)

a skin tag

17.

The principal functions of the skin are sensation, heat regulation, excretion, secretion and:

a)

support

b)

protection

c)

rehabilitation

d)

security

18.

Which vitamin supports the overall health of the skin and aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells?

a)

Vitamin A

b)

Vitamin C

c)

Vitamin D

d)

Vitamin E

19.

Ideally, the nutrients our bodies need for proper functioning must come primarily from:

a)

vitamin supplements

b)

vitamin-enhanced skin products

c)

the food we eat

d)

the water we drink

20.

Based on the recommendation from the Mayo Clinic, men should drink how many cups of water per day?

a)

4

b)

9

c)

16

d)

12

21.

The UV energy of the sun reaches the skin in what two forms?

a)

UVA and UVB energy

b)

UV1 and UV2 energy

c)

UVA and UVD energy

d)

UV1 and UV7 energy

22.

A specialist who cleanses, beautifies, and preserves the health of the skin and body is:

a)

a dermatologist

b)

a podiatrist

c)

an esthetician

d)

a cosmetologist

23.

Sunscreen should have a SPF of:

a)

at least 5

b)

at least 10

c)

at least 15

d)

at least 20

24.

Excessive intake of alcohol:

a)

overdilates the blood vessels

b)

causes the blood vessels to contract

c)

causes the blood vessels to collapse

d)

has no effect on the blood vessels

25.

A ___ is a closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid or pus.

a)

bulla

b)

cyst

c)

papule

d)

pustule

26.

An abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive multiplication of cells varying in size, shape, and color is called a:

a)

tubercle

b)

vesicle

c)

tumor

d)

macule

27.

The itchy bump caused by a mosquito bite is an example of a:

a)

wheal

b)

vesicle

c)

bulla

d)

papule

28.

A ___ crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis.

a)

crust

b)

scale

c)

keloid

d)

fissure

29.

An ulcer is:

a)

a collection of blood trapped under the nail

b)

an open lesion on the skin

c)

a light-colored slightly raised mark on the skin

d)

a skin sore produced by scratching

30.

Excessive sweating with an unknown cause is called:

a)

anhidrosis

b)

miliaria rubra

c)

hyperhidrosis

d)

bromhidrosis

31.

Which of the following is a disorder in which the skin lack melanin pigment?

a)

Lentigines

b)

Chloasma

c)

Stain

d)

Albinism

32.

A nevus is a:

a)

birthmark

b)

freckle

c)

pimple

d)

liver spot

33.

Which if the following is a form of skin cancer?

a)

Eczema

b)

Melanoma

c)

Verruca

d)

Anhidrosis

34.

A ___ is a small, brownish spot or blemish on the skin, ranging in color from pale tan to bluish black.

a)

mole

b)

keratoma

c)

skin tag

d)

squamous cell carcinoma

35.

What does the B in the ABCDE cancer checklist stand for?

a)

Breadth

b)

Bulbous

c)

Border irregularity

d)

Balance

36.

What is the most common avoidable skin disease for nail technicians?

a)

Psoriasis

b)

Contact dermatitis

c)

Melanomas

d)

Carcinomas

37.

In general, it takes ___ to a substance before sensitive clients show symptoms of an allergic reaction.

a)

a single instance of exposure

b)

several exposures

c)

4 to 6 weeks of repeated exposure

d)

4 to 6 months of repeated exposure

38.

Which of these terms refers to a greatly increased or exaggerated allergic sensitivity to products?

a)

Excoriation

b)

Sensitization

c)

Corium

d)

Overexposure

39.

Which of the following can cause UV gels to cure improperly?

a)

Applying the product thinly

b)

Dirty lamps in the lamp unit

c)

Too much time under the light

d)

Applying products properly

40.

Which of the following will not usually cause irritation or allergic reaction with UV gel services?

a)

Top gooey layer of UV gel coming into contact with soft tissue

b)

The use of oversized brushes

c)

Mixing product lines

d)

Following manufacturer's instructions

41.

A chemical released by the blood to enlarge the vessels around an injury is:

a)

an allergen

b)

a cicatrix

c)

a histamine

d)

a vesicle

42.

The damage typically caused by irritant contact dermatitis:

a)

usually reverses itself after the exposure is discontinued

b)

is permanent in most cases

c)

lessens after exposure is discontinued, but never goes away

d)

requires the use of strong antibiotics to reverse

43.

The hard protective plate is called the:

a)

cuticle

b)

lunula

c)

hyponychium

d)

natural nail

44.

The nail plate is considered an appendage of the:

a)

sensory nerves

b)

skin

c)

hair

d)

motor nerves

45.

The nail is part of the ___ system.

a)

respiratory

b)

circulatory

c)

integumentary

d)

endocrine

46.

The nail plates protect:

a)

the tips of the fingers and toes

b)

the entirety of the fingers and toes

c)

the palms and soles

d)

the face

47.

The natural nail is technically referred to as the:

a)

obsidian

b)

onyx

c)

calcitrate

d)

matrix

48.

The natural nail is composed mainly of:

a)

keratin

b)

sebum

c)

keloid

d)

elastin

49.

The keratin in nails is ___ than the keratin in hair or skin.

a)

more flexible

b)

much darker in color

c)

more durable

d)

softer

50.

A normal healthy nail is slightly ___ in color.

a)

blue

b)

orange

c)

green

d)

pink

51.

The service of a normal, healthy nail:

a)

is spotted

b)

has hollows

c)

is smooth

d)

has grooves

52.

A healthy nail has a water content of between ___ percent.

a)

5 and 10

b)

10 and 20

c)

15 and 25

d)

25 and 35

53.

Using an oil-based nail conditioner to coat the plate can:

a)

reduce water loss and reduce flexibility

b)

reduce water loss and improve flexibility

c)

increase water loss and reduce flexibility

d)

increase water loss and increase flexibility

54.

The ___ includes all of the anatomical parts of the fingernail necessary to produce the natural nail plate.

a)

natural nail unit

b)

nail bed

c)

matrix

d)

cuticle

55.

The ___ is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grow toward the free edge.

a)

lunula

b)

ligament

c)

hyponychium

d)

nail bed

56.

The nail bed is supplied with many blood vessels and:

a)

sticky tissue

b)

nerves

c)

muscles

d)

matrix cells

57.

The bed epithelium:

a)

helps guide the nail plate as it grows

b)

is composed of matrix cells

c)

extends over the tip of the finger or toe

d)

forms the nail plate cells

58.

The matrix area contains nerves, lymph, and:

a)

muscles

b)

sticky tissue

c)

blood vessels

d)

hardened skin

59.

The visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin is called the:

a)

lunula

b)

nail plate

c)

nail groove

d)

cuticle

60.

Who has a lunula?

a)

Only young children

b)

Everyone

c)

Only adults

d)

Only females

61.

Growth of the nails is not effected if a person:

a)

is in poor health

b)

has a nail disorder or disease

c)

has a matrix that has been injured

d)

is in good health

62.

What is the most visible and functional part of the nail unit?

a)

The same thing as the cuticle

b)

The nail fold

c)

The nail plte

d)

The lunula

63.

What is the purpose of the matrix cells?

a)

To create nail plate cells

b)

To give color to the nail plate

c)

To attach the nail to the skin

d)

To guide the nail as it grows

64.

The nail plate is constructed of about ___ layers of nail cells.

a)

10

b)

30

c)

60

d)

100

65.

The free edge is the part of the nail plate:

a)

on the left and right sides

b)

that attaches t the bed epithelium

c)

that extends over the tip of the finger or toe

d)

directly over the lunula

66.

The ___ is the dead, colorless tissue attached to nail plate.

a)

hyponychium

b)

cuticle

c)

eponychium

d)

nail fold

67.

The slits or furrows on the sides of the nail are:

a)

dark in color

b)

easy to remove from the nail plate

c)

sticky

d)

dry

68.

Which of the following is the living skin at the base of the nail plate that covers the matrix area?

a)

Matrix

b)

Nail unit

c)

Hyponychium

d)

Eponychium

69.

The slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate is the:

a)

hyponychium

b)

eponychium

c)

cuticle

d)

ligament

70.

Cuticle tissue:

a)

does not adhere directly to the nail plate

b)

is nonliving

c)

is very thick

d)

will bleed if you cut deep enough into it

71.

Nail technicians are permitted to ___ the eponychium.

a)

push back

b)

trim

c)

reshape

d)

remove

72.

Nail technicians are allowed to cut living skin:

a)

anytime they deem it necessary for service

b)

only with the client's verbal permission

c)

only with the client's written permission

d)

never

73.

Cuticle moisturizers are not designed for use on the:

a)

eponychium

b)

lateral sidewalls

c)

cuticle

d)

hyponychium

74.

A ligament is a band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or:

a)

unites a muscle with a bone

b)

holds an organ in place

c)

carries nerve impulses

d)

produces motion

75.

The furrows on the side of the nail are called the:

a)

nail folds

b)

nail grooves

c)

papules

d)

secretory coils

76.

A normal nail grows ___ from the matrix.

a)

forward

b)

backward

c)

leftward

d)

rightward

77.

Normal, healthy nails:

a)

always grow in oval shape

b)

always grow in squoval shape

c)

always grow in a pointed shape

d)

can grow in a variety of shapes

78.

The ___, width, and curvature of the matrix determine the thickness, width and curvature of the natural nail plate.

a)

length

b)

age

c)

color

d)

density

79.

Which of the following can make the nail plate grow thicker?

a)

a good cuticle moisturizer

b)

binding the finger with cotton strips

c)

soaking the finger in warm salt water

d)

a longer matrix

80.

The average rate of nail growth in adult is about ___ per month.

a)

1/8"

b)

1/4"

c)

1/12"

d)

1/2"

81.

Nails grow fastest during which season?

a)

Summer

b)

Winter

c)

Spring

d)

Autumn

82.

The nails of which of the following people grows fastest?

a)

an elderly person

b)

a child

c)

a teenager

d)

an adult

83.

The nail of which finger typically grows the slowest?

a)

index finger

b)

middle finger

c)

pinkie finger

d)

thumb

84.

During the last trimester of pregnancy, nail growth:

a)

increases dramatically

b)

increases slightly

c)

decreases dramatically

d)

stops altogether

85.

After a pregnant woman delivers a baby, the woman's nail growth rate:

a)

increases dramatically

b)

increases slightly

c)

decreases dramatically

d)

stops altogether

86.

Compared to fingernails, toenails:

a)

grow much faster

b)

grow slower

c)

grow at about the same rate

d)

grow slightly faster

87.

How long does replacement of the natural fingernail normally take?

a)

4 to 6 months

b)

2 to 3 months

c)

8 to 10 months

d)

about 1 year

88.

A normal, healthy nail should be shiny and slightly pink in color, with more ___ tones in some races.

a)

blue

b)

beige/yellow

c)

beige/orange

d)

green

89.

It is common for ___ of your clients to have experienced one or more types of nail disorders in their lives.

a)

none

b)

very few

c)

most

d)

about half

90.

Knowing whether to refer a client to a physician or to cosmetically improve a nail plate condition if the problem is cosmetic is your professional responsibility and:

a)

a personal choice

b)

a requirement of your license

c)

a professional choice

d)

a nice thing to do

91.

Which of the following is a condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate?

a)

Bruised nails

b)

Discolored nails

c)

Hangnail

d)

Onychophagy

92.

Which of the following does not apply to bruised nails?

a)

They can be covered with nail polish

b)

They can be camouflaged with opaque nail enhancements

c)

do not automatically necessitate a referral to a physician

d)

can be covered with clear polish

93.

Which of the following people is most likely to have ridges or grooves?

a)

An elderly person

b)

A teenaged femaile

c)

A middle-aged man

d)

A man in his 20s

94.

When manicuring a client with ridges, you should:

a)

thin the nail plate as much as possible

b)

buff the nails aggressively

c)

avid filing the nail to any degree

d)

use a ridge filler

95.

Eggshell nails:

a)

are typically stronger than normal nails

b)

always grow straight over the free edge

c)

are normally weaker than normal nails

d)

stop growing so there is no free edge

96.

Which of the following is not a common cause of eggshell nails?

a)

Improper diet

b)

Hereditary factors

c)

Medication

d)

Injury

97.

What condition is characterized by visible depressions running along the width of the natural nail plate?

a)

Melanonychia

b)

Beau's line

c)

Pincer nails

d)

Nail pterygium

98.

Which of the following is not a common cause of Beau's lines?

a)

Adverse drug reaction

b)

Pneumonia

c)

Heart failure

d)

Nail biting

99.

Which of the following is a cause of hangnail?

a)

Dryness of the skin

b)

Hot oil manicures

c)

Regular basic manicures

d)

A healthy diet

100.

When are you allowed to cut the living skin around the natural nail plate for a client with a hangnail?

a)

Always

b)

Only when it is dry and appears dead

c)

When removing dead cuticle tissue

d)

Never

101.

Which of the following is not a sign of infection?

a)

A white blotch

b)

Pain

c)

Swelling

d)

Pus

102.

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a whitish nail discoloration?

a)

Nail psoriasis

b)

Onychophagy

c)

Leukonychia

d)

Nail pterygium

103.

Melanonychia may be seen as a ___ band within the nail plate.

a)

bright white

b)

black

c)

bright red

d)

blue

104.

Melanonychia is fairly common occurrence and considered normal in Asian and:

a)

American Indians

b)

Caucasians

c)

African Americans

d)

Latinos

105.

What causes onychophagy?

a)

Biting the nails

b)

Poor circulation

c)

Normal aging

d)

Injury to the matrix

106.

How should you treat the bitten, damaged skin that often accompanies onychophagy?

a)

Administer a series of hot oil treatments

b)

Massage an antibiotic ointment into the skin

c)

Apply warm paraffin wax

d)

You should not treat it

107.

Which of the following is not a common cause of onychorrhexis?

a)

Injury to the matrix

b)

Harsh cleaning agents

c)

Hereditary causes biting

d)

Biting the nails

108.

Onychorrhexis can be corrected by:

a)

softening the nails with conditioner

b)

applying opaque nail polish

c)

aggressive buffing of the healthy nail plate

d)

using penetrating oil once a month

109.

Plicatured nail leads to:

a)

darkening of the fingernails

b)

ingrown nails

c)

hangnail

d)

split nails

110.

Nail ___ is an abnormal condition that occurs when skin is stretched by the nail plate.

a)

ridging

b)

psoriasis

c)

pterygium

d)

discoloration

111.

The greater the curvature of the matrix:

a)

the less the curvature of the free edge

b)

the greater the curvature of the free edge

c)

the straighter the nail plate

d)

has no effect on the shape of the nail plate

112.

What should you do for a client with a moderate case of pincer nail?

a)

Perform a hot oil treatment

b)

Refer her to a physician

c)

Aggressively file the nail to reduce the appearance of bumps

d)

Carefully trim and file the nail

113.

Fungi:

a)

can spread from nail to nail on the client's feet

b)

often spread from the client's toenails to her fingernails

c)

are very unlikely to spread from one nail to another

d)

cannot contaminate your nail implements

114.

Fungi prefer to grow in warm, most, and ___ conditions.

a)

cool

b)

dry

c)

dark

d)

well-lit

115.

Discolorations of the nail plate between the plate and artificial enhancements are usually:

a)

mold

b)

bacterial infections

c)

stains caused by the artificial enhancement

d)

trapped blood clots

116.

A typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified in the early stages as a ___ spot that becomes darker in its advanced stages.

a)

blue-green

b)

orange-red

c)

yellow-green

d)

brown-black

117.

Which of the following causes infections?

a)

Water

b)

Bacteria

c)

Cold weather

d)

Warm weather

118.

Which of the following causes infections?

a)

Water

b)

Bacteria

c)

Cold weather

d)

Warm weather

119.

To help prevent nail infections, you should always ___ after each procedure.

a)

clean and disinfect all metal implements

b)

disinfect sing-use nail files

c)

dispose of linens

d)

dispose of all implements

120.

Which of the following people is most likely to be prone to nail infections?

a)

an actor

b)

a janitor

c)

a computer programmer

d)

a receptionist

121.

Which of the following is an inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail plate?

a)

Paronychia

b)

Onychomycosis

c)

Onychia

d)

Onychocryptosis

122.

What can you do for a client with onychocryptosis if the tissue around the nail plate is not infected and the nail is not embedded in the flesh?

a)

Trim the corner of the nail in a curved shape

b)

Trim the flesh around the nail to relieve pressure

c)

File the nail aggressively to thin the nail plate

d)

Nothing- you should not perform any service on a client with onychocryptosis

123.

Which of the following will not cause onycholysis?

a)

Physical injury

b)

Allergic reaction of the nail bed

c)

Certain health disorders

d)

Nail biting

124.

The separation and falling off of a nail plate from the bed is called:

a)

paronychia

b)

tinea pedis

c)

onychomadesis

d)

onychocryptosis

125.

Nail psoriasis causes:

a)

extreme smoothing of the nail service

b)

pits on the surface of the nail

c)

curling of the nail plate

d)

splitting of the nail plate

126.

Nail psoriasis can cause the nail bed to develop yellowish to reddish spots underneath the nail plate, called:

a)

mold spores

b)

bleach spots

c)

nickel bruises

d)

salmon patches

127.

Redness, pus, and swelling in the skin fold adjacent to the nail plate are signs of:

a)

Pyogenic granuloma

b)

Onychomycosis

c)

Melanonychia

d)

Onychophagy

128.

Tinea pedis most often strikes between which two toes?

a)

The first and second

b)

The second and third

c)

The third and fourth

d)

The fourth and fifth

129.

Clients with tinea pedis should be advised to:

a)

wear wool socks

b)

change their socks at least twice a day

c)

avoid wearing socks

d)

wear the same pair of socks until the symptoms pass

130.

Onychomycosis will not cause:

a)

whitish patches that can be scraped off the surface of the nail

b)

long, whitish or pale yellow streaks within the nail plate

c)

the free edge of the nail to crumble

d)

redness in the skin fold adjacent to the nail plate

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