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WorksheetsWorld History Review
Total questions: 160
Worksheet time: 1hrs 20mins
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the map above?
A. The Israeli people were content with the borders set by the UN.
B. The state of Israel has consistently grown throughout its history.
C. The formation of the Israeli state led to controversial land disputes.
D. The creation of the Jewish state was embraced by neighboring nations.
Which of the following is a likely explanation for increased immigration out of the Middle East in
modern history?
A. The increase in Islamic fundamentalist terrorism
B. The improvements in negotiations and trade with the U.S.
C. The knowledge of a nuclear development program in Israel
D. The decline of oil revenue due to improvements in renewable energy
Why was the attack on September 11, 2001 impactful on a global scale?
.
A. Even the most powerful nations learned of their vulnerability to terrorist attacks.
B. The World Trade Towers falling created economic depressions throughout the entire world
C. The United States petitioned for a response from the UN which spawned years of debate without action.
D. A warning was sent from the U.S. that it would engage any nation that had prior knowledge of the attack.
Which of the following conditions commonly exist in nations that experience periods of ethnic cleansing or genocide?
A. Equality in wealth and opportunities between varying ethnic groups and social classes
B. Support from neighboring countries with diverse populations and a culture of acceptance
C. The leadership of democratically elected officials that proportionately represent the population
D. A diverse population with a government largely dominated by members of one ethnic or religious group
Which of the following best describes the cause for most nationalist conflicts of the 20th century?
A. Political revolutions
B. Economic crises and starvation
C. Ethnic and religious differences
D. Cultural changes and globalization
Pandemics in the developing and underdeveloped world have the largest impact on which of the following?
A. Social stability and human rights
B. Cultural stability and global perceptions
C. Political stability and diplomatic relations
D. Economic stability and unemployment rates
It is not the first time that Communist tanks have rolled over gallant men and women fighting to redeem the independence of their homeland. Nor is it by any means the final episode in the eternal struggle of liberty against tyranny, anywhere on the face of the globe, including Cuba itself. . . .
[I]t is clear that this Nation, in concert with all the free nations of this
hemisphere, must take all even closer and more realistic look at the menace of external Communist intervention and domination in Cuba. The American people are not complacent about Iron Curtain tanks and planes less than 90 miles from our shores . . . - President John F. Kennedy
Which of the following best describes the purpose of President Kennedy’s statement?
.
A. To establish U.S. support for the new Communist regime in Cuba.
B. To apologize to the nation for the ongoing Cold War with the Soviet Union.
C. To educate the American people on the foundations of a Communist government
D. To defend the Cold War policy of intervening to prevent the spread of Communism.
Which of the following best explains the cause of Soviet aggression and proxy wars around the world following World War II?
A. The Soviet Union gained power and territory as a result of allied victory.
B. The allied powers attempted to undermine Soviet leadership following the war.
C. Colonialism in Africa threatened both communist rule and traditional democracy.
D. European powers were actively pursuing the spread of democracy to new nations.
Which of the following is a result of the growing tension between the Soviet Union and Democratic nations in the West?
A. The weakening global reputation of the United States
B. The arms race to develop and test nuclear technology
C. The full military occupation of all Soviet territories by UN forces
D. The decreasing fear of Communism among democratic nations
Which of the following best describes the reasoning for the Soviet introduction of democratic policies such as glasnost and perestroika?
A. Soviet leaders realized that democratic nations had superior resources.
B. The Soviets had faced too many military defeats throughout the Cold War.
C. Democratic leaders began distributing propaganda throughout the Soviet Union.
D. The nation was experiencing economic hardships that impeded citizens’ quality of life.
Which of the following events led to the symbolic end to the Soviet Union and the Cold War?
A. The U.S. surrender in Vietnam
B. The tearing down of the Berlin Wall
C. The construction of the Iron Curtain
D. The democratic re-election of Gorbachev
Which of the following was a major achievement of the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa?
A. The arrest of Nelson Mandela
B. The activism that ended apartheid
C. The creation of the Pan-Africa movement
D. The prevention of the Rwandan genocide
The Suez Canal is an Egyptian canal built as a result of great sacrifices. The Suez Canal Company is an Egyptian company that was expropriated [taken away] from Egypt by the British who, since the canal was dug, have been obtaining the profits of the company. . . . The annual Canal revenue is 35 million Egyptian pounds. From this sum Egypt—which lost 120,000 workers in digging the canal—takes one million pounds from the company.
-Gamal Abdel Nasser
Which of the following statements best describes the goal of Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nassar in the excerpt above?
A. To engage the British in a war over territorial claims in Africa.
B. To discredit the legitimacy of the nation of Israel and assert Arab rule.
C. To seize control and the associated economic benefits of the Suez Canal.
D. To use the Suez canal as a geographic means to establish the Pan-Arab movement.
In what region were democratic reform movements hindered most by anti-Communist actions on the part of democratic nations?
A. Asia
B. Africa
C. Europe
D. Latin America
Which of the following best describes the global interest in the regime changes in the Middle East that result in conflicts like the Persian Gulf War?
A. Most countries have a moral opposition to Islamic fundamentalism.
B. Most countries are directly impacted by the laws and leadership of the region.
C. Most countries have an interest in the natural resources found in the Middle East.
D. Most countries are willing to engage in containment policies to prevent totalitarian rule.
What can be implied by this information?
A. Eastern Europe rebuilt less quickly after World War II.
B. Western Europe rebuilt more quickly after World War II.
C. Eastern Europe was economically competitive after World War II.
D. Western Europe was unable to rebuild its military after World War II.
In 1946, Winston Churchill used the term “Iron Curtain "when describing conditions in Europe. What did he mean by this term?
A. European nations needed to build more factories.
B. The militaries of Western Europe were becoming too powerful.
C. Peace had finally spread throughout the countries of Europe.
D. There was a division between communist Eastern Europe and Western Europe.
What prompted the Berlin Airlift?
A. The Soviets cut off all traffic in or out of West Berlin.
B. The Soviets invaded Western Germany to take control.
C. The Soviets refused to allow a democratic government in West Berlin.
D. The Soviets took over the western half of Germany and cut off food supplies.
What was the main focus of US foreign policy during the Cold War?
A. Extending the political, economic, and cultural influence of the United States.
B. Containment of the spread of communism.
C. Providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II.
D. To establish a strong military alliance.
“I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation [domination] by armed minorities or by outside pressure. Should we fail to aid Greece and Turkey in this fateful hour, the effect will be far-reaching to the West. The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. Therefore, I propose giving Greece and Turkey $400 million in aid.” - President Truman’s speech to Congress, March 12, 1947.
What was the intent of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan?
A. Provide political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.
B. Ensure the survival of the newly independent nations of Africa and Asia.
C. Limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons during the Cold War.
D. Provide medical aid to South Korea during the Korean War.
The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defense . . . will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the . . . area. . . .
Which organization includes this statement in its charter?
A. Warsaw Pact
B. United Nations
C. League of Nations
D. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
How was the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union impacted by the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact?
A. These treaties established strong military alliances which intensified the Cold War.
B. The Cold War deescalated because the Soviet Union was a member of these alliances.
C. The purpose of these treaties was to improve trade relations between the countries and had no effect on the Cold War.
D. The Cold War intensified because most Americans did not believe that NATO or the Warsaw Pact would be successful.
In comparison to the Warsaw Pact member states, European nations aligned on the opposite side of the Cold War were characterized by which feature?
A. militarism
B. censorship
C. economic freedom
D. totalitarian government
Which of the following was a major objective of China's Cultural Revolution in the 1960s?
A. introducing democratic reforms
B. reinforcing communist ideology
C. restoring ancient religious traditions
D. expanding contact with Western nations
“There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace. General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberation, come here to this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”
- President Ronald Reagan (June 12, 1987)
From the quote above, which symbol of the Cold War was President Reagan speaking about?
A. the "Iron Curtain"
B. the Berlin Wall
C. The Grea Wall of China
D. The DMZ
Which of the following conclusions can be made based on the poster above?
A. Jewish people in Germany were more likely to enlist in the military.
B. The Nazis blamed Aryan businessmen for the start of World War II.
C. Most Germans supported the actions that led to the start of World War II.
D. Nazis used propaganda to blame Jews for the war and justify the Holocaust.
Which of the following best explains the events portrayed on the map above?
A. Germany was bound by the terms of a nonaggression pact.
B. Germany violated many of the limitations set by post World War I treaties.
C. German citizens advocated for peaceful relations with neighboring nations.
D. German military tactics were largely unsuccessful following their forced demilitarization.
Which of the following contributed most to the success of German blitzkrieg tactics?
A. The massive improvement in airplane technology.
B. The resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.
C. The target’s access to underground tunnels and shelters.
D. The use of a military draft to secure large numbers of infantrymen.
“I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve.”
-From the diary of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Which of the following was the most significant result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?
A. It damaged the relationship between Japan and Germany.
B. It destroyed the isolationist sentiment in the United States.
C. It disabled the United States naval forces for the remainder of the war.
D. It drastically increased the number of enlisted men in the U.S. armed forces.
Which of the following best explains why the Nazi Party targeted Jewish people and engaged in the “final solution”?
A. Jewish people were the most vocal in opposing the rise of the Nazi party.
B. Jewish people were responsible for the economic and political crisis in Germany.
C. There were few Jewish people in Germany, making them an easy target to subdue.
D. Antisemitism was common in Europe, making Jewish people a convenient scapegoat.
Which of the following wartime leaders opposed free democratic elections in territories that were established or reinstated after World War I?
A. Joseph Stalin
B. Harry Truman
C. Franklin D. Roosevelt
D. Winston Churchill
Which of the following describes the most significant consequence of Germany invading the Soviet Union?
A. New military equipment was developed to meet the demand of a continuously escalating conflict.
B. Germany became engaged in a two-front war and provided an opportunity for Soviet territory to expand.
C. British and American forces were significantly weakened by having to divide troops in the East and West.
D. German forces became less vulnerable to attack and made it clear that they were capable of dominating Europe.
“We have used it against those who attacked us without warning at Pearl Harbor, against those who have starved and beaten and executed American prisoners of war, against those who have abandoned all pretense of obeying international laws of warfare. We have used it in order to shorten the agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans.”
--President Truman, August 9, 1945
Which of the following events is being described in the excerpt above?
A. The U.S. atomic bombing in Japan
B. The achievement of victory in Europe
C. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
D. The bombing of the tracks to Auschwitz
Which of the following is a similarity between the conclusion of World War I and World War II?
A. Nations came together to form a peacekeeping organization.
B. The allied powers granted additional lands to the defeated nations.
C. Additional laws were created to protect neutral nations during wartime.
D. Trials were conducted to hold countries accountable for human rights violations.
In what way did the ending of World War II contribute to rising global tensions?
A. An armistice agreement was never reached due to the death of Franklin Roosevelt.
B. The German government refused to relinquish control to the victorious allied forces.
C. The use of the atomic bomb earned the United States a reputation as an aggressor.
D. A new struggle emerged between democratic and communist nations across the world.
Which of the following best describes the impact of World War I in Europe?
A. Many countries faced economic and political hardships that allowed for the rise of totalitarian leaders.
B. All nations were required to pay for the war damages and diverted funding away from maintaining their military.
C. Military careers became popular and new technologies were created rapidly to prepare for a second impending war.
D. Allied nations faced economic prosperity as a result of receiving frequent reparations payments from the German government.
Which of the following is most likely being depicted in the chart above?
A. Immigration rates
B. Unemployment rates
C. Fascist Party membership
D. Number of enlisted soldiers
How did the economic crises in the United States and Germany in the early 1930s affect the global economy?
A. Allied powers were forced to modify the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.
B. Hitler ordered German manufacturers to stop trading with democratic nations.
C.
Many countries relied on the reparations from Germany that they could no longer afford.
D. The United States was no longer able to produce enough products to trade across Europe.
Adolf Hitler’s Rise To Power:
Joined and gained control of a fascist political party
Brutally repressed opposition by using militaristic force
Utilized military and social propaganda to influence the citizens of Germany
Which of the following totalitarian leaders’ rise to power most closely resembles that of Adolf Hitler?
A. Joseph Stalin
B. Vladamir Lenin
C. Benito Mussolini
D. Fransisco Franco
Based on the image above, what did many of the totalitarian leaders that rose to power during and after World War I have in common?
A. A large group of loyal supporters who glorified their leadership
B. The ability to identify a single scapegoat in the population of the country
C. The power to seize control of the government without the knowledge of the public
D. A large military force that could launch a revolution against the central government
Which of the following best describes the objectives of mass incarceration and human rights violations seen during the Holocaust and the Great Purge?
A. They were attempts by military and police forces to overthrow totalitarian government forces.
B. These tactics were used to instill fear and promote loyalty within the country’s population.
C. This was done to protect citizens from the crime and violence associated with targeted ethnic groups.
D. They were attempts to reduce the population of the country in order to stimulate economic growth.
How did the League of Nations fail to prevent the start of World War II?
A. The League was not intended to intervene in international affairs.
B. The League was unaware of the rising totalitarian governments across Europe.
C. The League relied on financial support that was unavailable due to the Great Depression.
D. The League had limited power to intervene and members were focused on problems in their own countries.
The following chart identifies the racial lineage of those considered Jewish.
Which of the following best describes the Nuremberg Laws?
.
A. They were the basis for enlistment in the Nazi military and secret police force.
B. They were laws that punished military and police officials who violated human rights.
C. They were anti-Semitic laws that restricted the freedoms of people of Jewish ancestry
D. They were introduced to protect Jewish people in Germany from capture and internment.
Regards: Measures against Jews tonight. . . . Only such measures may be taken which do not jeopardize German life or property (for instance, burning of synagogues; only if there is no danger of fires for the neighborhoods). Business establishments and homes of Jews may be destroyed but not looted. The police have been instructed to supervise the execution of these directives and to arrest looters. In business streets special care is to be taken that non-Jewish establishments will be safeguarded at all cost against damage. . . . As soon as the events of this night permit, the use of the designated officers, as many Jews, particularly wealthy ones, as the local jails will hold, are to be arrested in all districts. Initially only healthy male Jews, not too old, are to be arrested. After the arrests have been carried out the appropriate concentration camp is to be contacted immediately with a view to a quick transfer of the Jews to the camps. —SS Officer Reinhard Heydrich, November 10, 1938
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the passage above?
A. Instructions for the event known as Kristallnacht
B. Documentation of the formation of the Nazi secret police
C. Justification for the internment of Jewish people in Nazi territories
D. Warning against acting violently towards Jewish people and businesses
Which of the following explains the reason for European nations forming alliances in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
A. They tried to bring an end to imperialism.
B. They needed protection from American threats.
C. They needed to protect themselves from rival nations.
D. They wanted to increase their chances of winning the Great War.
Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. How did imperialism contribute to the cause of World War I?
A. The rivalry over overseas territories increased tensions in Europe.
B. The colonies’ efforts to gain their freedom increased tensions in Europe.
C. Any efforts to encourage trade increased tensions in European colonies.
D. The alliances formed between overseas territories increased tensions in Europe.
What role did the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand play during World War I?
A. It led to the creation of the Triple Alliance.
B. It increased nationalism among the Serbian people.
C. It caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia.
D. It led to the formation of an alliance between Russia and Germany.
What is the cartoon The Key to Victory trying to convey about World War I?
A. More American ships were needed in order to win the war.
B. The only way to keep America in the war is to make ships more narrow.
C. The common man could provide more support for the war than originally thought.
D. A victory would provide farmers with new transportation methods such as ships.
Which of the following was an impact of major new military technologies on World War I?
A. One side was more powerful than the other leading to total domination.
B. The Germans were less able to withstand the Russians on the Eastern Front.
C. The new technology allowed wars to be fought in the colonies leading to global conflict.
D. The new technology was more effective leading to an increased number of casualties on the Western Front.
Why was Russia ill-equipped to fight in World War I?
A. Russia was the least industrialized of the great powers.
B. The mere size of the country made it difficult to train troops.
C. Russia could not handle the losses they experienced at Tannenberg.
D. The countries Russia allied with did not help them prepare for modern warfare.
Which of the following terms describes the approach to the war in which a nation funnels all of its economic and material resources toward combat?
A. Total war
B. Mass contention
C. Imperialism
D. Nationalism
What did the creators of this poster hope that men would do after viewing this image?
A. Spend more time with their families.
B. Support the war effort by enlisting in the military.
C. Take over some household responsibilities.
D. Tell their children all about what is happening in the war.
Which of the following reasons might explain why the United States had the least amount of total casualties?
A. The United States had a much smaller military resulting in fewer casualties.
B. The United States left the war before it was over so the data is incomplete.
C. There were no battles fought on U.S. territory and therefore fewer Americans were killed or wounded.
D. Because casualties only include men who were killed and most American troops were only wounded.
Which of the following is an impact of total war?
A. Leaders and civilians called for an increase in involvement in the war.
B. The media was permitted to publish all aspects of the war giving an accurate representation of the war.
C. Governments took a step back and decreased their role in directing the economic and cultural lives of their people.
D. Food shortages, economic decline, and the high number of casualties led to the decline of the morale of soldiers and civilians.
According to the chart, which of the following describes the arrival of American troops in Europe in 1918?
A. The arrival was steady from January 1918 to November 1918.
B. Troops arrived rapidly at first but slowed down after March.
C. There were no American troops that came to Europe in 1918.
D. The troops arrived slowly at first and rapidly after March.
In this cartoon, President Woodrow Wilson says to the dove, “Here’s your olive branch. Now get busy.”
Which of the following statements is best supported by the cartoon?
A. The large branch to be carried by the small bird implies that the artist does not think Wilson’s solution will work.
B. The branch is labeled League of Nations but would be more appropriately labeled United Nations.
C. The bird is hesitant to carry the branch for Wilson and, therefore, probably represents Great Britain.
D. The quote implies that Woodrow Wilson is impatient and is expecting the Allies to clean up the mess they made.
Which of the following was a cause of the Russian Revolution in March 1917?
A. The death of Rasputin
B. Food shortages
C. Lenin’s return to Russia
D. The Treaty of Brest
Which of the following best describes the Byzantine territory at the height of the empire?
A. The empire was almost entirely located in Eastern Europe.
B. The empire was land-locked and could not facilitate travel by water.
C. The empire consisted of territories on multiple continents and in multiple regions.
D. The empire controlled territories that were isolated with no access to travel or trade.
We, Constantinus and Licinius the Emperors, having met in concord at Milan and having set in order everything which pertains to the common good and public security, are of the opinion that among the various things which we perceived would profit men, or which should be set in order first, was to found the cultivation of religion; we should therefore give both to Christians and to all others free facility to follow the religion which each may desire, so that by this means whatever divinity is enthroned in heaven may be gracious and favourable to us and to all who have been placed under our authority.
—from the Edict of Milan, enacted A.D. 313
2. Based on the excerpt above, which of the following was a consequence of Constantine the Great’s Edict of Milan?
A. Christians became widely persecuted across the Roman Empire.
B. Christianity eventually became the official religion of the Roman Empire.
C. The Eastern capital of “New Rome” was given the name Constantinople.
D. The Byzantine Empire adopted and preserved many aspects of Greek culture.
3. Which of the following is an example of how the Byzantine Empire was both a continuation and departure from the old Roman Empire?
A. Constantinople became a center for art and architecture.
B. The Byzantine Empire was heavily influenced by Greek culture.
C. Justinian’s Code of laws was developed from and replaced Roman law.
D. The Great Schism divided the religious leaders of Rome and the Byzantine Empire.
Using the map, which of the following statements BEST explains the major influence of Justinian and his general, Belisarius?
A. They established the first Byzantine territories in Africa and Europe.
B. They expanded trade by establishing territories along the Mediterranean Sea.
C. They contributed to a decline in the number of Byzantines practicing Christianity.
D. They expanded the Byzantine Empire by conquering much of the old Roman Empire.
Which of the following is a major contribution of the Byzantine Empire?
A. The return of the Roman Empire to its former glory.
B. The establishment of democracy and the end of totalitarian rule.
C. The unification of Christian leaders across the Eurasian continent.
D. The continuation and expansion of various aspects of Greek and Roman culture.
Which of the following was an effect of the growth of the Byzantine Empire?
A. The establishment of trading colonies throughout southern Africa.
B. The eradication of influence of Roman culture on Western Civilization.
C. The permanent split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.
D. The destruction of Jewish landmarks and a decline in Jewish populations across Europe.
Which of the following is an economic impact of the Byzantine Empire?
A. The connection of major trading cities in the East and West.
B. The establishment of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Patriarch.
C. The preservation of Greek and Roman culture in art and architecture.
D. The invention of machines capable of mass-producing textiles and print materials.
Based on the chart, which of the following events was an effect of the differences between followers of Christianity in the East and West Roman Empire?
A. The Great Schism of 1054
B. The fall of the Roman Empire
C. The fall of the Byzantine Empire
D. The establishment of Justinian Codes
Which of the following best completes the graph?
A. Constantine moved the capital city to Constantinople.
B. The Byzantine Empire transfers all religious texts from Latin to Greek.
C. Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other.
D. Justinian and Belisarius conquered a large portion of the old Roman Empire territory.
Which of the following contributed to the fall of the Byzantine Empire?
A. The Great Schism weakened the Orthodox Church
B. The Western Roman Empire conquered Constantinople
C. Economic decline due to an inability to trade on the Mediterranean Sea
D. Disease spread and neighboring civilizations attacked Byzantine territory
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the map of the Ottoman Empire seen above?
A. The height of the Byzantine Empire lasted until the 1600s.
B. The Ottomans, like the Byzantines, preserved Roman culture.
C. The Ottoman Empire destroyed what was left of Greek culture.
D. The weakening of the Byzantine Empire left it vulnerable to conquest.
Which of the following is the BEST example of the lasting impact of the Roman Empire?
A. The Pope continues to serve as the leader of Rome.
B. Roman law remains the foundation of most European legal codes.
C. Many buildings constructed during the height of the empire still stand.
D. The Greek language is still spoken in many territories of Eastern Europe.
In which of the following areas did the Byzantine Empire represent continuity with the old Roman Empire?
A. Pagan religious beliefs
B. law and administration
C. art and architecture
D. geographic center
Which of the following statements completes the diagram?
A. Prosperity of the Byzantine Empire
B. Collapse of the Roman Empire
C. Prosperity of the Roman Empire
D. Collapse of the Byzantine Empire
Which of the following is true about the impact of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire on Western Europe?
A. Western Europe entered a period known as the High Middle Ages, when trade and learning flourished and urban populations increased.
B. Western Europe entered a period sometimes called the Dark Ages, when learning declined and urban populations decreased.
C. Western Europe's new Germanic kingdoms were able to thrive by maintaining old Roman roads and coinage.
D. Western European economies declined as the ancient economic system of barter collapsed in new Germanic kingdoms.
Which of the following best explains how the Ottomans expanded their empire?
A. They gained most territory through conquest.
B. Regions joined the empire after adopting the Muslim faith.
C. They purchased land with the wealth acquired by superior crafting and trade.
D. The Romans looked to them for guidance after the fall of the Holy Roman Empire.
Which of the following best completes the diagram?
A. A Muslim must marry and have children.
B. A Muslim must go on a pilgrimage to Mecca.
C. A Muslim must cover his hair in public spaces.
D. A Muslim must defend the faith of Islam against all other religions.
Which of the following do all three Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) have in common?
A. They are based on the same five pillars that dictate how to live.
B. They are polytheistic religions that each worship the same gods.
C. They are monotheistic religions with foundations from the Old Testament.
D. They are from different regions of the world and have separate religious texts.
Which of the following best explains why rulers of the Arab Empire did not force those who practice Christianity and Judaism to convert to Islam?
A. Muslims do not believe in converting people to Islam.
B. The three religions share similar practices and beliefs.
C. Muslims wanted to avoid potentially starting a Holy War.
D. There were no Christian or Jewish people in Arab territories.
Which of the following is a major difference that separates the three Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam)?
A. They all worship different gods.
B. They each have their own distinct sacred texts.
C. They each follow the same basic commandments.
D. They all believe in the same key prophets and religious leaders.
Which of the following best explains the effect of the trade routes shown in the map above?
A. Most Islamic influences were confined to areas taken by military conquest.
B. The only major outcome of Islamic military expansion was economic gain.
C. Islamic belief, culture, and discoveries spread quickly across Europe, Asia, and Africa.
D. The Arab Empire remained isolated from the cultural influence of surrounding empires.
Which of the following best explains the relationship between Muslims and Hindus in India?
A. Hindus responded to Muslim invasions with violence and hostility.
B. Muslims and Hindus often adopted many of each other's practices and beliefs.
C. Hindus made up most of the ruling class but Muslims made up most of the population.
D. Muslims made up most of the ruling class but Hindus made up most of the population.
The Islamic Golden Age gave way to the most notable advances in which of the following areas?
A. Arts and literature
B. Mathematics and Sciences
C. Military tactics and weaponry
D. Political philosophy and economics
Based on the excerpt above, what conclusion can be made about the Arab Empire?
A. People living in the Arab Empire were more educated than Europeans.
B. Arab citizens felt superior to inhabitants of other European or Asian cities.
C. Social and academic advancements improved the quality of life in Arab cities.
D. Arab cities were not as well built as other large European cities like London or Paris.
Which of the following events best describes the European response to Islamic expansion?
A. Muslims were targeted by the Crusades and Spanish Inquisition.
B. The Black Plague spread as Europeans moved into Africa and Asia.
C. Many European kings adopted Islamic beliefs and imposed them on others.
D. Church membership began to decline across Europe and the Pope lost political power.
Which of the following resulted from the mountainous terrain on the chain of islands that make up Japan?
A. Religion did not develop in Japan
B. There was a lack of fertile farmland
C. No contact was made with other cultures
D. It was easy for the shogun to control Japan
How did the people of Japan respond to challenges that prevented the success of a strong central ruler?
A. They relied on China for leadership and guidance.
B. They adopted a feudal system similar to that of Europe.
C. They broke into militias and encouraged Samurai to fight for territory.
D. They became subsistence farmers and never developed a unified culture.
“The sense of Honor, a vivid consciousness of personal dignity and worth, characterized the
samurai. He was born and bred to value the duties and privileges of his profession. Fear of
disgrace hung like a sword over the head of every samurai … To take offense at slight
provocation was ridiculed as ‘short-tempered.’ As the popular adage put it: ‘True patience
means bearing the unbearable.’ -Bushido Code [paraphrased]
Which of the following most influenced the samurai’s Bushido Code?
A. The teachings of Buddhism
B. The leadership of the Shoguns
C. The European Code of Chivalry
D. The works of female Japanese authors
In the Japanese feudal system, which group held the most power in local communities?
A. The Emperor
B. The Shogun
C. The Daimyo
D. The Samurai
Which of the following is true of both Knights and Samurai?
A. Both followed strict codes of conduct
B. Both were subjects of the king or emperor
C. Both were volunteer positions with few benefits
D. Both were the lowest ranking members in the social hierarchy
Which of the following was a result of the Japanese trade with China?
A. The Chinese conquest of Japan
B. The decline of Buddhism in Japan
C. The growth of new agricultural goods in Japan
D. The growth of industries and artistry throughout Japan
Which of the following conclusions can be made based on the most famous fictional texts from ancient Japan?
A. Japanese culture held women to a higher standard than men.
B. Japanese culture undervalued the contributions of women in society.
C. Japanese men were trained to be samurai and were less likely to be able to read.
D. Japanese men did not value fictional writing so the most famous writers were women.
Which of the following best explains why both Europe and Japan developed feudal systems?
A. The system was used to honor the strong leaders of both empires.
B. The system granted equal opportunities to members of all social classes.
C. The system provided support and protection under a weak central government.
D. The system was used to overcome the religious oppression of kings and emperors.
Which of the following best explains the differences in women’s roles in feudal Europe and Japan?
A. Women in feudal Europe had more responsibilities that declined over time.
B. Women in feudal Japan played mostly ceremonial roles rather than meaningful ones.
C. Women in feudal Europe enjoyed more rights than in Japan and some became knights.
D. Women in feudal Japan had more rights than in Europe and were equal to men in many ways.
The existence of this statue best supports which of the following conclusions?
A. Japan actively attempted to spread religious influence in China.
B. Buddhism quickly replaced Shintoism as Japan’s official religion.
C. Buddhists valued artisanal skills more than other religious groups.
D. Japan’s culture was greatly influenced by trade with other countries.
Which of the following best describes the rise of wealthy kingdoms in Africa?
A. Civilizations arose and prospered along popular trading routes.
B. Kingdoms in Africa used military power to block transcontinental trade.
C. Proximity to the Sahara made travel and trade convenient for merchants
D. Many kingdoms were landlocked which led to prosperous developments in irrigation.
“The Arab traders of this region wanted gold as much as the Wangara wanted salt, but both had to pass through Ghana to trade...Ghana controlled the land...it had the military forces…to maintain peace in the area, thereby assuring safe trade for the Arabs and the Wangara.”
-Through African Eyes, ed. By Leon F. Clark
Based on the excerpt above, which of the following contributed to the success of Ghana?
A. Military conquest
B. Geographic location
C. Superior skill of merchants
D. Natural resources of the land
West African kingdoms like Mali gained immense wealth due to their large supply of what resources?
A. Gold and salt
B. Cotton and silk
C. Silver and gems
D. Servants and wheat
The Songhai had settled on both banks of the middle Niger River. They established a state in the 15th century, which unified a large part of the western Sudan and developed into a brilliant civilisation [...] The capital was at Gao, a city surrounded by a wall. It was a great cosmopolitan marketplace where kola nuts, gold, ivory, slaves, spices, palm oil and precious woods were traded in exchange for salt, cloth, arms, horses and copper. [...]
Based on the excerpt above, what characteristics did the Songhai kingdom have that contributed to the success of all African Kingdoms?
A. Strong infrastructure and tax revenue
B. Access to major bodies of water for trade
C. Enough natural resources to remain self-sufficient
D. A reliance on slave labor for production and protection
Which of the following had the largest impact on the social and cultural development of kingdoms in West and South Africa?
A. the lack of military power
B. the lack of contact with Europe
C. the leadership of Islamic rulers
D. the ethical challenges of slavery
How did East Africa differ from the kingdoms of West and South Africa?
A. East Africa was less reliant on trade than the kingdoms in the West and South.
B. East Africa experiences greater influence from Muslim traders and the Islamic faith.
C. East Africa remained divided in individual trading cities rather than one large kingdom.
D. East Africa had one common culture and language rather than many separate cultures.
Which of the following best completes the diagram above?
A. The Bantu migration occurs
B. Gold is discovered in the West
C. Islam spread throughout Africa
D. Civil War breaks out in Northern Africa
What did Mansa Musa’s successors do with his wealth when they gained power in Mali?
A. They spent it lavishly on luxury goods.
B. They used it to support local merchants.
C. They stopped charging taxes from citizens.
D. They used to improve education and build libraries.
Which of the following contributed to the fall of the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai?
A. The kingdoms were colonized by emerging countries in Europe.
B. They converted to Islam and did not pay tribute to indigenous traditions.
C. They were subject to civil wars, wars against foreign rulers, and poor leadership.
D. They overextended the use of natural resources and suffered from natural disasters.
“Famine or fear of stronger enemies might force one tribe to ask another for help and give themselves in a type of bondage in exchange... [T]hose seeking protection, or relief from starvation, would become the servants of those who provided relief. Debt might also be worked off through a form of servitude. Typically, these servants became a part of the extended tribal family.” -The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Lumen Learning
Based on the excerpt above, slavery in medieval African kingdoms is most similar to which of the following?
A. Debt peonage
B. Serfdom in Feudal Europe
C. The Transatlantic Slave Trade
D. Enslavement of prisoners of war
What is one reason that some Italian city-states such as Venice, Milan, and Naples grew into major commercial centers during the 13th and 14th centuries?
A. geographic location
B. artistic achievements
C. individual achievement
D. use of vernacular language
This photo is of the Ca’ d’Oro palace in Venice, Italy, built between 1428 and 1430. The architect included Greek columns on all three levels, Byzantine decoration above the roofline, and Islamic arched windows in the design of the building.
Which of the following statements best describes the architectural style that developed during the Renaissance?
A. Renaissance architecture was heavily influenced by Northern European styles.
B. Renaissance architecture is easily identified when viewed from inside a building.
C. Renaissance architecture was designed to withstand flooding caused by the changing of the tides.
D. Renaissance architecture was influenced by various Classical architecture styles from the Mediterranean Sea region.
Which of the following was an effect of Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press on Western Europe?
A. The price of books increased.
B. The number of universities in England decreased.
C. Literacy levels decreased among very religious leaders.
D. Europeans were exposed to new ideas about religious and secular thought.
The School of Athens was painted by Rafael in 1511.
How did the School of Athens reflect the development of humanism?
A. It blended medieval subjects, such as the nature of life after death, with secular subjects.
B. It blended medieval subjects, such as the nature of life after death, with religious subjects.
C. It blended Greek and Roman cultures, as evidenced by the philosophers at the center of the background, with secular subjects.
D. It blended Greek and Roman cultures, as evidenced by the philosophers at the center of the background, with religious subjects.
How did the Protestant Reformation contribute to the development of the Scientific Revolution?
A. The Protestant Reformation supported the development of the printing press.
B. The Protestant Reformation supported the cultural rebirths of the Renaissance.
C. The Protestant Reformation supported independent thought on scientific matters which led to independent thought on spiritual matters.
D. The Protestant Reformation supported independent thought on spiritual matters which led to independent thought on scientific matters.
In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus published the theory that the universe was heliocentric, with the sun at the center.
What was the effect of Copernicus’s theory of the universe?
A. It challenged Isaac Newton’s theory of gravity.
B. It challenged technology used by Galileo Galilei to build an astronomical telescope.
C. It challenged the medieval Catholic Church’s stance that the earth was the center of the universe.
D. It supported medieval scholars who had tried to make the physical world fit in with the teachings of the Catholic Church.
Erasmus was a Dutch philosopher, Catholic priest, and playwright who wrote about church subjects in the early 1500s.
Julius: Some say there is one cause for which a pope can be deposed.
Peter: When he has done something good, I suppose, since he is not to be punished for his bad deeds.
Julius: If he can be publicly convicted of heresy. But this is impossible, too. For he can cancel any canon he does not like. Or he can recant.
Peter: Fortunate pope, who can cheat Christ with his laws! Quite true, the remedy in such case is not a council.
Erasmus' play, Julius Excluded from Heaven, 1514
Which of the following statements describes Erasmus’s criticism of the Catholic Church?
A. The pope, as leader of the Catholic Church, has done something good.
B. The pope has formed a council to convict members of the Catholic Church for heresy.
C. The pope corrupted the Catholic Church by going against church teachings and by abusing his power.
D. The pope is not to be punished for his bad deeds against the Catholic Church and was publicly convicted of heresy.
The map shows the location of the main religious denominations in Europe after the Reformation.
Which of the following statements describes the effect of the Reformation on Europe?
A. Religious diversity decreased after the Reformation.
B. The population within each country uniformly all practiced the same religion.
C. The development of new religious sects divided the populations between some countries.
D. Military conflict between European countries was reduced due to increased religious unity.
How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?
A. The Anglican Church was founded as an alternative to the Protestant Church.
B. The Council of Trent was formed to put Martin Luther on trial for selling indulgences.
C. The Inquisition was ended because members of the Catholic Church were being found guilty of too many religious crimes.
D. The Council of Trent was formed to reaffirm Catholic beliefs and end abuses in the Catholic Church in order to challenge the spread of Protestantism.
The Scientific Method is a step-by-step process of discovering the truth that was developed by the early 1600s.
Which individual contributed to the development of the Scientific Method?
A. Aristotle
B. Isaac Newton
C. René Descartes
D. Nicolaus Copernicus
The Olmec civilization in Mesoamerica pre-dated the Maya and Aztec civilizations in the same region.
What contribution did the Olmec people make to the Maya and Aztec civilizations?
A. the development of quipu
B. the development of the calendar
C. the development of wheat farming
D. the development of cattle ranching
This 16th-century illustration shows an Aztec taking a prisoner of war after a battle.
What role did war prisoners take in Aztec society?
A. War prisoners were sacrificed to the sun god.
B. War prisoners were held for ransom from Aztec enemies.
C. War prisoners were used to carry messages along the extensive network of Aztec roads.
D. War prisoners were encouraged to become Aztec warriors to fight other Aztec enemies.
How did both the Maya and Inca adapt to their physical environments in order to successfully develop agriculture?
A. The Mayas built chinampas for farming and the Incas built terraces for farming.
B. The Incas built chinampas for farming and the Mayas built terraces for farming.
C. The Mayas built chinampas for farming and the Incas used crop rotation for farming.
D. The Incas used slash and burn and the Mayas built terraces for farming.
This map shows the location of the main Inca roads with the locations of modern states and cities.
What was the primary purpose for the building of the Inca road system?
A. to allow for easy trade into and out of the empire
B. to allow armies and news to move quickly through the empire
C. to allow farmers to move their products to the market before they spoil
D. to increase the speed of travel to religious festivals in the northern part of the empire
What conclusion can be drawn from the evidence about the Maya and Inca record-keeping systems?
A. The Incas were better mathematicians than the Maya.
B. Both the Maya and Inca developed effective record-keeping systems.
C. The Maya record-keeping system was more reliable than the Inca record-keeping system.
D. The Maya had a written record-keeping system, but the Inca were unable to keep any records.
The map shows Aztec city-states in the Mexico Valley around the year 1519 CE.
Which Aztec ruler is credited with uniting Tlacopan and Texcoco with Tenochtitlan to form the Triple Alliance in order to increase Aztec military power?
A. Moctezuma I
B. Hernan Cortes
C. Huayna Capac
D. Pascal the Great
What is an example of the changes caused by the Columbian Exchange?
A. world population declined
B. European power quickly declined
C. American diseases spread to Europe and China
D. American foods like corn and potatoes were introduced to European diets.
The illustration of Aztec people was produced by a Spanish priest in Mexico, circa 1585.
What was the effect of the Columbian Exchange on the Native American population?
A. an increase in the average global temperature
B. an increase in oral storytelling to pass down Native American history
C. the spread of higher calorie food that allowed Native Americans to rest more
D. the spread of Old World diseases to which the Native Americans had no immunity
What is an example of a belief system that was spread to the Americas as a result of the Columbian Exchange?
A. Islam
B. Hinduism
C. Buddhism
D. Christianity
Which statement describes an impact that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Africans?
A. Cross-cultural trade between Africa and Asia declined.
B. New diseases were brought to Africa and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague.
C. The transfer of Africans to Europe supported the developments that led to the Industrial Revolution.
D. The forced enslavement and transportation of Africans to the Americas by Europeans resulted in a captive labor force for more than 200 years.
The map shows the maritime trade network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas known as triangular trade.
A. Middle Leg
B. Mercantilism
C. Middle Passage
D. Vertex Passage
The graph shows the number of slaves brought to the Americas grouped in 25 year periods.
Which of the following was not an effect of the forced removal of African people on African societies?
A. increased trade with Europeans for firearms
B. increased tensions among neighboring peoples
C. rise of new states that battled for control of the slave trade
D. a shift towards trade with Asia instead of the Europeans and the Americas
This cover of one of Voltaire’s published books shows him receiving divine light and inspiration from Isaac Newton as he translated Newton’s work.
Which concept influenced the development of the Enlightenment?
A. enlightened despots
B. the Scientific Revolution
C. constitutional government
D. the writing of the Declaration of Independence
This painting is of chemist and French nobleman Monsieur de Lavoisier and his wife, the chemist Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze. He is known as the “father of modern chemistry.”
What was one way the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar?
A. They led to the Protestant Reformation.
B. They rejected Renaissance secularism.
C. They encouraged the spread of new ideas.
D. They strengthened the institution of the Church.
What idea do both the English Bill of Rights and the Enlightenment political philosophy of John Locke support?
A. absolute power
B. limited government
C. aristocratic anarchy
D. communist bureaucracy
Thomas Hobbes published his book, Leviathan, in 1651. He argued that people were cruel, greedy, and selfish, causing life to be unpleasant, poor, and short.
What was the foundation of Thomas Hobbes’s social contract?
A. Only a laissez-faire government could produce an orderly society.
B. Only a government that protected natural rights could produce an orderly society.
C. Only a powerful government, such as an absolute monarchy, could produce an orderly society.
D. Only a weak government, such as one headed by an enlightened despot, could produce an orderly society.
“Being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions.”
― John Locke, Second Treatise of Government
What document John Locke’s view of natural rights directly influences?
A. the Magna Carta
B. the Petition of Right
C. the United States Sentiments
D. the Declaration of Independence
This illustration shows Thomas Paine surrounded by injustices that led to the French Revolution, in 1789. Paine wrote the “Rights of Man” in defense of the French Revolution.
Which Enlightenment philosophy contributed to the French Revolution?
A. rococo art
B. laissez faire
C. anarch rights
D. social contract
The painting shows Catherine the Great in the Russian national costume, circa 1780. The Empress became a patron of women’s education in Russia throughout the 18th century and created separate boarding schools for both boys and girls.
Which Enlightenment thinker protested for equal education for girls and boys?
A. John Locke
B. Montesquieu
C. Mary Wollstonecraft
D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
King Philip II ruled Spain from 1556 to 1598; Portugal from 1580 to 1598; Naples and Sicily from 1554 to 1598; and ruled the Netherlands from 1555 until the Dutch Republic declared independence in 1581.
The Enlightenment was a reaction to what political philosophy?
A. anarchy
B. absolutism
C. democracy
D. communism
The graphic shows the three branches that divide the functions and powers of government in the United States.
Which Enlightenment philosopher proposed separation of powers as the best way to protect liberty?
A. Voltaire
B. Montesquieu
C. Mary Wollstonecraft
D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This illustration shows Adam Smith, the author of The Wealth of Nations.
Which statement describes the Enlightenment economic philosophy of laissez-faire?
A. Unequal distribution of property was caused by the corruption of society.
B. Only enlightened despots should be allowed to influence a country’s economy.
C. Businesses should be free to operate with little or no interference from the government.
D. Privately owned businesses should operate with complete oversight from local governments.
Which of the following Enlightenment ideas found more support during the French Revolution than the American Revolution?
A. Public office should be held by those with talent and not by those with money.
B. Equal rights for all meant equal rights for men and women according to natural law.
C. A monarchy based on enlightened absolutism was the most sound basis for a government.
D. The financial privileges of the wealthy should be redistributed among other members of society.
Which of the following accurately describes one impact of the Enlightenment on the French Revolution?
A. French revolutionaries sought to create a society in which the rights of the individual would be more important than that of a government.
B. The revolution helped revitalize the French economy by adopting an economic system based on the natural laws of supply and demand.
C. The supporters of the revolution wanted to institute a new constitution in which women would be given a more equal status.
D. Revolutionaries hoped to establish a new legal system in which an absolute monarchy would govern according to Enlightenment principles.
Which of the following events did not contribute to the French Revolution?
A. poor harvests, which contributed to high food prices for the peasantry
B. the abolishment of privileges
previously enjoyed by the First and Third Estates
C. a financial crisis caused by the king's war debts and the costs of running the government
D. a crisis in Paris, which contributed to unrest in the countryside known as the Great Fear
Which of the following helped Napoleon Bonaparte consolidate power following the French Revolution?
A. the lower classes gaining more political control
B. the Catholic Church emerging as a powerful force
C. the establishment of the French Parliament
D. the creation of the predecessor to the European Union
Which of the following was a result of the Latin American revolutions of the nineteenth century that reflected Enlightenment ideals?
A. New constitutions ended many social distinctions and abolished slavery.
B. Peru's first constitution gave the vote to citizens who could read and write in Spanish.
C. Creoles who had supported independence made up a powerful upper class.
D. The new governments were often conservative and were led by wealthy Creoles.
Which item best completes the chart?
A. development of railroad systems
B. electric-powered assembly lines
C. invention of the automobile
D. the light bulb
The image best depicts which effect of the Industrial Revolution?
A. child labor
B. colonialism
C. urbanization
D. increased wealth
The graph illustrates which effect of the industrial revolution?
.
A. Increased productivity due to mechanization.
B. Poor conditions that workers faced in coal mines.
C. The expansion of colonialism into India and other nations.
D. Unequal wealth distribution among workers and managers
Which statement completes the chart?
A. Workers control the means of production.
B. The government creates a utopian society.
C. The government does not interfere with free markets.
D. Employers must obey rules such as the eight-hour workday.
How did devices such as the Spinning Jenny affect Britain’s economy?
A. The device powered steam engines and early railroads.
B. Britain was able to industrialize the textile industry before many countries.
C. Rapid production of cotton caused prices to fall and an economic recession in Britain.
D. The Spinning Jenny helped Britain build powerful weapons that they used to colonize smaller nations.
What was one effect of the industrial revolution in the United States?
A. higher wages for agricultural workers
B. the labor movement organizing against child labor
C. improved working conditions in factories and mines
D. a decrease in coal production following the invention of the steam engine
Which development is an example of a Meiji era reform?
A. the establishment of a constitutional government
B. the abdication of Japan’s emperor
C. the abolishment of child labor
D. universal voting rights
He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. Having deprived her of this first right of a citizen, the elective franchise [the right to vote], thereby
leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides.
He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead.
He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns.
Excerpt from The Declaration of Sentiments – Seneca Falls Convention, 1848
What British and American reform movements were related to this document?
A. the labor movement
B. the abolitionist movement
C. the expansion of women’s rights
D. the expansion of immigrants’ rights
It is the highest impertinence and presumption… in kings and ministers, to pretend to watch over the economy of private people, and to restrain their expense… Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776
The author of the passage would MOST likely agree with which economic philosophy?
A. capitalism
B. communism
C. mercantilism
D. socialism
Why did the Industrial Revolution lead to an expansion of European colonialism in Africa in the late 1800s?
A. European countries competed for control over the slave trade.
B. European countries competed for control overabundance natural resources.
C. India and China refused to allow European powers to trade with Africa.
D. India and China gained control of large regions in Africa at the Berlin Conference.
The painting shows Charles I of England with a divine hand moving his crown.
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of the divine right of kings?
A. Monarchs had the right to establish their own branch of Christianity for their subjects to follow.
B. Monarchs’ authority to rule came from God which justified their absolute rule over their subjects.
C. Monarchs were the representatives of God and would lead church sermons for all subjects to attend.
D. Monarchs had limited power over their subjects since representative governments best protected people from abuses of power.
The shaded areas of the map show the areas claimed by the Spanish Empire under the rule of King Philip II, circa 1580.
What is not one of the techniques King Philip II used to increase the size and power of the Spanish Empire?
A. wealth obtained from silver mines in the Americas
B. enforcing Catholic religious unity in the Spanish Empire
C. using absolute rule to consolidate his power over the empire
D. successful invasion of England by the Spanish Armada in 1588
This illustration shows King John of England signing the Magna Carta in 1215.
What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
A. to weaken the power of nobles
B. to limit the power of the monarch
C. to increase tax collection in England
D. to increase the power of the monarch
This painting shows King Henry III meeting with his Parliament circa 1235.
What was the effect of Parliament obtaining the “power of the purse” to control the approval of new taxes in England?
A. Parliament was able to limit the power of the monarch.
B. Parliament was able to decide where tax money should be spent.
C. Parliament was able to reduce the amount of taxes paid by peasants.
D. Parliament was able to reduce the amount of taxes paid by churches.
Which term describes the legal principle that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime?
A. cannon law
B. common law
C. habeas corpus
D. due process of law
What was an effect of King Louis XIV’s refusal to call a meeting of the Estates General during his reign?
A. The Estates General was unable to increase the tax rates.
B. The Estates General was unable to check the king’s power.
C. The Estates General was able to institute a limited monarchy.
D. The Estates General was able to represent the will of the people.
The map shows the religious majority areas in France in the 16th century, coded by color.
How did the Edict of Nantes help to unite France under the rule of King Henry IV?
A. It declared King Henry’s plans for royal absolutism.
B. It provided religious freedom for French Protestants.
C. It guaranteed a “chicken in every pot” for every peasant.
D. It stimulated the government's building of roads and bridges.
The photo shows the Palace of Versailles, France.
What is one way that King Louis XIV weakened noble power?
A. He declined to believe that he had the divine right to rule.
B. He called frequent meetings of the Estates-General, who represented all social classes in France.
C. He decreased the power of middle-class royal officials who conducted government business.
D. He required nobles to live with him in luxury and to wait on him so that he could direct their power away from challenging him.
This painting shows King Louis XIV as Apollo, the Sun King, in his ballet performance in 1653.
How did Louis XIV view as the purpose of arts during his reign as king?
A. The purpose of art was to glorify the king and promote his absolute rule.
B. The purpose of art was to challenge the balance of power that the Dutch and English wanted in Europe.
C. The purpose of art was to record the rebellions against royal power by the merchants, peasants, and urban poor.
D. The purpose of art was to beautify the kingdom to inspire peasants to work harder in order to increase the taxes collected to benefit the king.
The photo shows the palace built by Peter the Great in St. Petersburg, Russia.
What is an example of how Peter the Great centralized power in Russia during his reign?
A. learning about Western technology and culture
B. forcing the boyars to wear traditional Russian clothes
C. bringing the Russian Orthodox Church under his control and expanding their influence into North and South America
D. improving waterways, developing manufacturing, and setting up academies for the studies of math, science, and engineering
The quote below is from French bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossue. Use the quote to answer the question that follows.
It is God who establishes kings. . . . Princes thus act as ministers of God and His lieutenants on earth. It is through them that He rules. . . . the royal throne is not the throne of a man, but the throne of God himself. . . . It appears from this that the person of kings is sacred, and to move against them is sacrilege.
What idea was Bossuet expressing that could be applied to absolutist rulers of England, France,
Spain, and Russia?
A. the divine right of kings to rule
B. the divine right of the Church to rule
C. the divine right of the Pope to rule
D. the divine right of Parliament over the king
