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WorksheetsBioteknik 1 work in progress
Total questions: 36
Worksheet time: 1hrs 11mins
What is the basic difference between Autotrophs and Heterotrophs? Name the only carbon source that autotrophs require.
separate the questions with ;
(a)
You want to culture a pathogen for diagnostic Microbiology. So it should inhibit the other microbes than the pathogen you wish to culture. What type of media would you prepare out of Enriched, Selective and Differential medium?
Enriched medium
Differential medium
Selective medium
What type of microorganism do you use the technique of streaking for obtaining their pure colonies?
(a)
What is called energy currency of a cell? Why is it actually so energy rich?
(a)
An enzyme is currently facing non competitive inhibition from an inhibitor. Can I alleviate the effect of this inhibitor by changing (for e.g. increasing) the substrate concentration?
Yes
No
Name 4 key factors which control microbial growth
factor1, factor2, factor3, factor4
(a)
What does an enzyme precisely do to catalyze a biological reaction?
(a)
What kind of microbial counting method would you use to only count the living cells in a microbial culture?
(a)
We have studied the microbial growth curve in a batch culture. Now I have modified the system a bit and constantly adding the nutrients in vessel while removing the excess cells (Biomass) from culture. Which phase out of four growth phases will be prevalent in its growth curve now?
Lag phase
Stationary
Death phase
Exponential phase
Oxygen can form toxic strong oxidizing compounds by accepting an electron or an electron plus hydrogen etc, why is it that many organisms can survive this (not entirely ofc, they say oxygen is slowly killing us all) whereas obligate anaerobes die?
(a)
Why isnt the reaction rate for an enzyme reaction as dependant on substrate concentration after a certain point (when we have excess of substrate)?
(a)
A bacterial cell wants to generate a lot of energy right now. Would it choose fermentation or respiration? Motivate your answer.
example : fermentation/respiration, short motivation
(a)
What are the two main products formed during bread fermentation? Why does the bread rise during baking process?
separate the questions with semicolon (;)
(a)
What is the role of microbes in waste recycling in nature?
(a)
Explain why the commercialization of second generation bioethanol is difficult.
(a)
I give you a fraction of municipal solid waste, how would you treat it in a way that it gives rise to useful products at the end?
(a)
Why cyanobacteria have such an important place in evolution of life?
(a)
What are the 3 domains called?
(a)
How is evolutionary relationship determined between different organisms?
(a)
You have an animal cell. What would be the composition of it’s cell-wall? (Take a moment to think before you answer this question)
(a)
In the mitocondria ATP is formed, what drives the process the protein structure "ATP synthase" uses to create ATP?
(a)
Golden rice is a genetically modified type of rice, what holds true?
It has been modified to contain vitamins which can in poorer countries save children’s lives and eyesight
It has been enriched with extra protein and modified to contain creatine which makes it ideal for bodybuilders
"Golden rice" is just a branding thing and it's just regular rice modified to have a certain colour
The rice is modified to taste like corn, rice grains are smaller than mature corn kernels which makes it less of a choking hazard for young children
None of these options are true
You are surveying a hydrothermal vent under the sea at around 100°C , which type of organism are you most likely to encounter if any?
Bacteria
Eukayotes
Archea
All of them are just as likely to be found there
No life could possibly survive 100°C
What are some of the things Louise Pasteur brought to light with his discoveries?
Pure culture microbiology, he discovered the agents of cholera and tuberculosis
The existance of microorganisms
The mechanisms of fermentation, the principle of immunization and he debunked "spontanous generation"
He observed that Penicillium fungus produced an antibiotic Penicillin that killed S. aureus
He had nothing to do with any of these discoveries
Which of these are correct for the bacterial cell
One or circular chromosome, NOT in a membrane; Peptidoglycan cell walls and reproduces by binary fission
DNA in a membrane-enclosed nucleus, Polysaccharide cell walls and can reproduce asexually or/and sexually
One or circular chromosome, NOT in a membrane; Pseudomurein cell walls and reproduces by binary fission
Is made up of a DNA or RNA genome inside a protein shell called a capsid, Reproduces by infecting their host cells and reprogramming them
Paired, linear chromosomes; Peptidoglycan cell walls and cannot reproduce asexually
Which transport event through the Porter (A membrane protein that functions to transport substances into and out of the cell) moves substances in and out at the same time?
Import
Uniport
Symport
Antiport
Dualport
What does diauxic growth mean
When the cell grows too fast and produces too much toxic metabolites that ultimately kills itself
The cell can use another type of sugar present in sample when the prefered one runs out, with a new lag phase in between
The cell consumes two different sugars at the same time, doubling the growth rate
Neither of these are correct
The cells divide up into two "camps" , giving rise to two different growth curves competing for the nutrients
The Michaelis-Menten equation v = Km +[S]Vmax [S] is used to describe enzyme kinetics, what is Vmax?
Vmax is the maximum substrate concentration for a certain reaction
Vmax is a constant which is inverse proportional to the substrate-binding affinity
Vmax is the maximum volume in which the enzyme reaction can take place
Vmax is the limiting value of the initial rate when all the active sites are occupied
They are all incorrect
How many nucletides makes up a codon?
3
2
5
10
codons have nothing to do with nucleotides
how many different amino acids are there?
10
31
17
69
20
Which type of RNA "writes down" the necessary genetic information from the DNA and carries this "protein recipe" to the ribosome?
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
vRNA
iRNA
What enzyme is used to pack together (supercoil) DNA?
Helicase
Topisomerase
DNA polymerase
NADH dehydrogenase
Ligase
This is 2-Deoxyribose, the sugar contained within DNA. How is it connected to the other subunits in DNA?
Phosphate group in 5', which in turn binds to 3' on another sugar and the base pair is situated on 1'
Phosphate group in 1', which in turn binds to 2' on another sugar and the base pair is situated on 5'
Phosphate group in 3', which in turn binds to 4' on another sugar and the base pair is situated on 1'
Phosphate group in 4', which in turn binds to 3' on another sugar and the base pair is situated on 2'
Sulphuric group (not phosphate) in 5', which in turn binds to 2' on another sugar and the base pair is situated on 1'
What happens during protein denaturation?
The protein structure breaks on all levels, from primary (1st) to quartenary (4th)
No part of the protein structure breaks, it is just removed from its natural habitat
The protein structures are broken except for the primary structure (1st)
Half of the protein structures breaks, the tertiary (3rd)
and the quartenary (4th)
A new "quintenary" (5th) structure forms over the other 4
A macromolecule we humans use as an energy source which also can be converted to energy storage but isnt used for anything else
Starch
Protein
Lipids
Cellulose
Amino acids
Why is Penicillin only effective when the bacterial cells are growing?
It is lazy, when the population is low it doesnt think it is worth it and when it is high it cant manage them all
Penicillin is disrupting the formation of new cell walls therefore wont work if it isnt dividing
It is effective always regardless, penicillin penetrates the cell walls/membranes and destroys DNA
None of these options are correct
