WorksheetsEnd of Chapter questions 5-7
Total questions: 24
Worksheet time: 24mins
Which of the following is NOT a protein?
Histone.
Insulin.
Nucleotide.
Hemoglobin.
What role do histones play in eukaryotes?
Condensing the DNA
Translating RNA
Controlling the transcription of genes.
Both a and c
What is one important job of a hormone?
To splice alternative exons.
To alter expression of target genes.
To halt transcription of mRNA.
To induce translation of DNA.
What is the name of DNA sequences that have lost their protein-coding ability?
Transposons.
Pseudogenes.
Introns.
Both a and b.
Which of the following mutations can affect gene expression?
Mutations to promoter regions.
Mutations that code for trans-acting factors
Mutations that code for hormones.
Mutations to cis-regulatory regions
All of the above.
Which of the following statements about genetic recom-bination is FALSE?
Genetic recombination acts independently of independent assortment.
Genetic recombination occurs during the production of sperm
Genetic recombination is relatively unimportant to the process of natural selection.
Genetic recombination is one factor that increases variation within populations of organisms
Which of these statements about the link between phenotypes and genotypes is NOT always true?
The environment often affects how a phenotype will develop.
A single genotype can produce multiple phenotypes.
Human height is controlled by more than one gene.
Diseases are caused by recessive genes.
All of the above
Which of the following is/are part of the environmental control of gene expression?
Signals from outside the body.
Signals from other genes within the cell.
Signals from other cells.
All of the above.
If two individuals mate, one of them heterozygous at a locus (one dominant and one recessive allele) and the other homozygous for a recessive allele at the same locus, what will be the outcome?
The offspring will be either heterozygous, or homozygous for the recessive allele.
The offspring will be either homozygous for the dominant allele, heterozygous, or homozygous for the recessive allele.
The offspring will not evolve, because they will carry the same alleles as the parents.
The recessive allele eventually will become the dominant allele in the population.
The Hardy–Weinberg theorem is an important mathematical proof because
It demonstrates that dominant alleles are more common than recessive alleles
It demonstrates that in the absence of outside forces, allele frequencies of a population will not change from one generation to the next.
It demonstrates that a locus can have only one of two alleles.
It demonstrates that heterozygotes are always better.
It demonstrates evolution.
Which population would be most likely to have allele frequencies in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?
A population in a rapidly changing environment
A population where immigration is common.
A large population that currently is not evolving.
A population that cycles between a very large and very small number of individuals.
Which of these statements is/are NOT true about genetic drift?
Genetic drift can cause the loss of an allele in a species.
Genetic drift happens faster in large populations than in small ones.
Genetic drift does not occur in large populations.
Both b and c
A genetic bottleneck in a population often results in what?
Loss of alleles
Loss of genetic diversity
An increase in genetic drift.
All of the above.
What do population geneticists mean when they refer to the fitness of an allele?
The ability of the allele to survive in a population
The contribution of an allele to the strength and overall health of a genotype.
The contribution of an allele to a genotype’s relative success at producing new individuals
Whether an allele is deleterious or not.
If a mutation that produces a new deleterious allele arises in a population, what will most likely happen to the frequency of that allele?
It depends on the allele’s effect on the phenotypes—if the allele is recessive, it can remain at a low frequency within the population for a very long time.
. It depends on the allele’s effect on the phenotypes—if the allele is recessive, drift will determine whether it persists in the population.
The allele will be rare enough that it almost never occurs in a homozygous state.
Deleterious alleles are always quickly purged from populations.
a, b and c
If Cavalli-Sforza and colleagues had measured allele frequencies as 0.869 for the A allele and 0.131 for the S allele, how many homozygous genotypes should they have expected to find? Would they have considered the population to be at equilibrium?
9354 AA and 29 SS. No, they would not have considered the population to be at equilibrium.
9354 AA and 211 SS. Yes, they would have considered the population to be close to equilibrium.
9354 AA and 211 SS. No, they would not have considered the population to be at equilibrium.
2811 AA and 2993 SS. No, they would not have considered the population to be at equilibrium
Which of these statements about inbreeding is TRUE?
Inbreeding is not a mechanism of evolution.
Inbreeding can affect the fitness of individuals, but it does not necessarily alter allele frequencies within a population
Inbreeding depression is a concern of conservation biologists.
Inbreeding increases the probability that two alleles at any locus will be identical because of a shared common ancestor.
All are true statements.
. What can measuring genetic distance, or FST , tell scientists about a group of organisms?
Whether groups have begun to diverge from each other.
. Whether genes are under strong selection.
How barriers may be influencing gene flow.
All of the above.
Phenotypic traits often have a continuous distribution because
They are a result of dominance interactions.
They are not related to genotypes.
They are influenced only by the environment.
They are often polygenic.
Which of these statements about narrow sense heritability (h 2 ) is TRUE?
The numerator of narrow sense heritability includes additive, dominant, and epistatic gene effects.
The numerator of narrow sense heritability includes only the additive effects of alleles
Narrow sense heritability includes only the epistatic effects of alleles.
Narrow sense heritability can be estimated by comparing quantitative trait loci among offspring using regression.
The breeder’s equation incorporates two of the conditions Darwin identified that must be met for evolution by natural selection to take place. Which two?
Greater survival (S) and reproduction (R) of phenotypes with specific alleles
Variation in phenotypic traits (R) and heritability of additive alleles (h 2 ).
Differences in phenotypes that influence the probability of survival or reproduction (S) and differences in phenotypic traits that must be at least partially heritable (h 2 ).
Heritability of additive alleles (h 2 ) and the evolutionary response of the population (R).
How can scientists determine what constitutes a quantitative trait locus?
They painstakingly examine the genotypes of hundreds of individuals and look for genes that are consistently similar.
They examine nucleotide sequences and count the repeated segments that they feel are important.
. They hybridize species and compare how genetic markers recombine in the offspring.
They select for different traits in lineages of an organism, cross-breed the lineages for two generations, and search for genetic markers that are correlated with expression of the trait.
If the age of sexual maturation is a phenotypically plastic trait, what relationship(s) would you expect to find?
Genotypes differ in the age at which they reproduce
Environmental conditions (such as nutrition) affect the age at which individuals begin reproducing.
Body size affects the age at which different genotypes reproduce.
All of the above.
Which of the following is an example of the process of evolution?
A population of snowshoe hares having a different frequency of alleles than the previous generation.
Trees dropping their leaves in the fall.
A man becoming immune to a strain of virus that caused him to have a cold when he was younger.
A female bird laying more eggs one season than she did the three previous seasons combined.
