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WorksheetsFinal Exam Review
Total questions: 15
Worksheet time: 8mins
Which of the following methods would be best for determining the evolutionary relationships among a group of species?
comparing the amino acid sequences and fossil lineages of the species
comparing only the anatomical features of the species
examining the embryological anatomy of each species individually without comparing the species
The following diagram shows the embryos of three chordates: fish, reptiles, and humans. Which of the following statements is best supported by the evidence provided in the diagram?
All of Earth’s animals have embryonic gill slits.
Fish, reptiles, and humans share a common ancestor that had embryonic gill slits.
Fish are more closely related to reptiles than to humans.
Ladybugs are a type of insect that have a red and black spotted pattern on their wings. Some individuals have wings that are more black, which helps them stay warm in cool areas. Other individuals have wings that are more red, which prevents them from getting too hot in warmer areas. A certain population of ladybugs occupies a large geographic range. Due to genetic variation in the population, individuals can have wings that are either more red or more black in color. Which of the following best predicts what will happen to ladybugs in the population as temperatures in their range increase due to climate change?
Ladybugs with more black on their wings will be more likely to survive
Ladybugs with more red on their wings will likely become less common in the population
Ladybugs with more red on their wings will be more likely to reproduce.
Which of the following describes a likely result of genetic variation in a population of zebras? (Select 2 answers)
Some zebras will have traits that help them reproduce more than others under specific environmental conditions.
The population will have phenotypic variation, such as differences in body size and stripe pattern.
All zebras in the population will have roughly equal chances of survival because they are the same species and therefore have the same genetic variations.
A biologist is studying the genetics of a particular species of plant. He knows that one plant may contain hundreds of individual seeds, each of which is the result of a separate fertilization event. He determines that seed shape is controlled by a single gene with two alleles. The dominant allele results in round seeds, and the recessive allele results in wrinkled seeds. In a follow-up experiment, the biologist crosses two heterozygous plants. Which of the following is the best prediction for the frequency of wrinkled seeds that would result from this cross?
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
The formation of ova, or female reproductive cells, occurs when diploid germ cells undergo meiosis. In female swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor), diploid germ cells contain 10 chromosomes. At the beginning of meiosis I, a female wallaby germ cells contains
5 homologous pairs of chromosomes comprising a total of 20 chromatids
10 homologous pairs of chromosomes comprising a total of 10 chromatids
10 homologous pairs of chromosomes comprising a total of 20 chromatids
A group of students are studying flower color inheritance in the garden pea plant (Pisum sativum). They obtain a purple-flowered pea plant of unknown ancestry, allow it to self-pollinate, and collect 60 of its seeds. After planting the seeds, they observe the growth of 42 purple-flowered plants and 18 white-flowered plants. Which of the following best explains the flower colors seen in the offspring?
The flower color changes as the plants mature.
White flower color is a trait recessive to purple flower color.
A somatic mutation in the flower color gene produced the white flower color.
Purple flowers and white flowers are codominant.
Which of the following correctly describes how mitosis and meiosis are similar?
Crossing over occurs between homologous chromatids during both mitosis and meiosis.
Both mitosis and meiosis produce diploid daughter cells.
Sister chromatids segregate to opposite poles of the cell during both mitosis and meiosis.
Both mitosis and meiosis produce genetically identical daughter cells.
A student is examining an onion root tip cell under a microscope. Based on her observations, the student proposes that the onion root tip cell has completed interphase and is now in the first phase of mitosis. Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the student’s claim?
Discrete chromosomes are scattered throughout the cell’s nucleus.
Separated sister chromatids are being pulled towards opposite ends of the cell.
The cell’s chromosomes are aligned across the metaphase plate.
In a certain wilderness area, rabbits are a major food source for coyotes. At a certain point in time, a disease outbreak severely affects the coyote population. The population does recover, but only after many years. Which of the following graphs best models the effect of the disease outbreak and subsequent recovery on the coyote and rabbit populations?
Marine iguanas are found only on the Galápagos Islands, which are located off the coast of Ecuador. These lizards are unique in that they forage for food in the ocean. Compared to land iguanas, marine iguanas have certain adaptations that allow them to survive in their coastal habitat. These adaptations include a long, flattened tail used for swimming and dense leg bones that give the iguanas stability underwater. Scientists believe the land-dwelling ancestors of the marine iguana floated on vegetative debris from Central America to the Galápagos Islands about 4.5 million years ago. Based on the information given above, which of the following is most likely true about the ancestry of the marine iguana?
The ancestral iguana population had many more individuals with adaptations for swimming than individuals without these adaptations.
Iguanas with characteristics that were better suited for swimming were able to exploit a novel food source, so they left more surviving offspring over time.
The iguanas needed to survive in an ocean environment when they arrived on the Galápagos Islands, so they developed adaptive characteristics over time.
Which of the following best describes the physical structure of a gene?
a stretch of amino acids within a protein molecule
all of the nucleotides in a small DNA molecule
a stretch of nucleotides within a larger DNA molecule
Energy flows from one organism to another through the trophic levels in an ecosystem, primarily through photosynthesis, feeding, and decomposition, as shown by the arrows in the diagram below. How would eliminating the decomposers affect energy flow through this ecosystem over time?
Eliminating decomposers would increase the flow of energy because decomposers compete with plants for sunlight, and plants will thrive in their absence.
Eliminating decomposers would limit the flow of energy, because decomposers are consumers that convert energy through cellular respiration.
Eliminating decomposers would limit the flow of energy because decomposers add energy to the ecosystem.
The allele for round peas (R) is dominant to the allele for wrinkled peas (r). The allele for yellow color (Y) is dominant to the allele for green color (y). A pea plant that is homozygous dominant for pea shape and heterozygous for pea color is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous recessive for both pea shape and pea color. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring of this cross?
RRyy and rrYY
RyYy and Rryy
RyYy and rryy
The following diagram depicts two diploid cells, one from a male and one from a female of the same species. In each cell, two pairs of homologous chromosomes are shown. The larger chromosomes have different alleles of Gene D, and the smaller chromosomes have different alleles of Gene E. If the male and female mate, which of the following will be true about their offspring?
Roughly a quarter of the offspring will have the genotype of the male parent.
None of the offspring will have a parental genotype
All of the offspring will have a parental genotype
Roughly half of the offspring will have the genotype of the female parent
