A traditional limestone dwelling in Southern Italy, in which square chambers are roofed with conical vaulted roofs. It uses a prehistoric building technique of mortar-less stone construction still in use in this region.

An American Indian dwelling, usually of round or oval shape, formed of poles overlaid with bark, rush mats, or animal skins.

A Navaho Indian dwelling constructed usually of earth and logs and covered with mud and sod. An energy efficient structure, this house is kept cool in summer by the packed mud on the roof, and during winter, the fireplace kept the inside warm for a long period of time and well into the night.

A prehistoric monument consisting of an upright stone, usually standing alone but sometimes aligned with others in parallel rows.

A megalith consisting of two or more large upright stones supporting a horizontal stone slab.

Horizontal slab on top of a dolmen

A variation of the dolmen consisting of three standing stones, two on the sides and one at the back

A circular arrangement of megaliths enclosing a dolmen or burial mound.

An artificial mound of earth or stone especially over an ancient grave.

One of the world's oldest continually inhabited city located on a hilltop

One of the earliest Neolithic village built according to a preconceived plan

Considered as the largest and most well-preserved Neolithic village, it provides important evidence of the transition from settled villages to urban agglomeration, which was mainatained in the same location for over 2000 years. It features a unique street-less settlement of houses clustered back to back with roof access into the buildings.

Stepped pyramid-like structures of successively receding levels built-in ancient Mesopotamia, constructed with outside staircases and a temple or shrine at the top for worshipping the Gods.

The ziggurat's _____ are oriented towards the cardinal points.

A palace-city which was considered as the Assyrian capital during the time of Sargon II. It has a parallelogram layout, walled in on all sides, with the corners of these walls pointing to the cardinal points

The palace proper in Assyrian palace.

The private chamber in an Assyrian palace.

The service chamber in an Assyrian palace

Founded by Darius I in 518 B.C. , this capital city of the Persians is considered by UNESCO as one of the world's greatest arcahelogical sites. On this site rises a series of architecturally stunning palatial buildings, among rhem the massive Apdana palace and the Throne Hall (Hundred-Column Hall)

An Egyptian, non-royal tomb, made of mud brick, rectangular in plan with a flat roof and slopif sodes, from which a shaft leads to underground burial and offering chambers.

The tombstone in a mastaba; where the ka is located.

A temple type for offerings and worship of a deceased persoon, usually a deified king.

A temple type or the worship of the deity

An Egyptian monolithic four-sided standing stone, tapering to a oyramidal cap, often inscribed with heiroglyphs and erected as a monument. These were usually found in pairs fronting the entrances of temples.

A monumental gateway of an Egyptian temple consistong of two tapering towers which enclosed the entrance between them

A large hall in an Egyptian temple having many columns in rows supporting a flat roof, and sometimes a clerestory.

A court wholly or partly open to the sky.

A small Egyptian side temple, kiosk lr tent shrine to celebrate the place where the God of the main temple was born.

A room or building in which the image of the Pharaoah or deity was revered.

A tomb hewn out of native rock, presenting only an architectural front with dark interior chambers.

The facade, carved directly into the sandstone cliff, takes the form of a plyon and is dominated by four colossal seated figures of Ramses II.

Used in ancient Egypt as a tomb to contain the burial chamber and the mummy of the pharaoh, A massive masonry structure having a rectangular base and four sloping sides meeting at an apex.

The first architect recorded in history

An Egyptian pyramid-type whose sides are stepped with tiers

A Pyramid-type in which each triangular planar surface changes direction as it approaches the top

Prime example of a bent pyramid.

Connected to a mortuary temple via a causeway; it is where the mummification of the pharaoah's body takes place.

Considered as the earliest example of a true pyramid

A covered cermonial route or corridor leading from a valley temple to a mortuary temple at the foot of a pyramid

An unfortified Minoan Palace which contained residences, ceremomial rooms, workshops, and sanctuaries.

Their architecture is characterized hy construction systems based on mathematical ratios completed with sophisticated optical corrections for perspective.

Large stones without mortar on clay bedding; utilized during the Aegean Period in Greece

A typical, single-storey Greek dwelling with a central entrance and porticoes entrance.

An entrance corridor or cermonial passageway leading to a domed Greek tomb

Entrance gate to the citadel palace of King Agamemnon; a massive entrance characterized by cyclopean walls and a corbelled arch

The slight vertical convex curvature in the length of a column shaft to give it the appearance of straightness under load.

The final phase of Greek Architecture characterized by the diversion from religious building types and construction of civic structures.

Generally, in reference to the birth of their Gods, Greek temples were made to face ____

A Greek city stronghold or fortress constructed on higher ground than surrounding urban fabric, In Athens, it is where the Parthenon and other notable tamples are found.

The sacred area or enclosure surrounding a classical Greek temple

A Greek monumental gateway to a sacres enclosure, fortification, town or square

One of the architects of Parthenon

An enclosed room or open space at the rear of a Greek temple, often used as a treasury.

The 3 major parts of a Greek temple are the:

A temple with tow columns at the front in between two antha

A temple with its inner columns attached to the naos wall, the outer freestanding and has nine columns at the front

A temple with seven columns at the front and rear porticoes

The columns at the corners of te Parthenon angle ___ and are ___ than the others.

The column flutes of the Parthenon ___ toward the top.

A carved statuesque column of a draped female carrying a basket or with a basket or with a basket on her head

A colonnade running along the long side of a Greek peristyle temple

The systematic spacing of columns in classical Greek Architecture expressed as multiples of column diameters

A temple with its inner columns attached to the naos wall, the outer freestanding and has nine columns at the front

The spacing of rowed columns in classical architecture at a distance of two and a quarter column diameters.

Pycnostyle is the spacing of rowed columns at a distance of ___ column diameters

The Greej entablature is composed of :

This makes the upper and lower mouldings of a classical Attic base used in the Ionic and Corinthian Orders

One of a series of plain or carved rectangular panels lining a Doric frieze, separated by triglyphs

Surface decoration of longitudinal concave grooves for classical columns

The height of an Ionic Order Column shaft is___ times the column base diameter

Inspired from a boblet of acanthus leaves, he is believed to develop the Corinthian capital

The first attempt to use the Corinthian order can be seen in the:

Square tapered column capped with the carved head

Both the Ionic and Corinthian Orders used a decoration of this moulding on this architrave

An aisle between the lower and upper tiers of seats in ancient Greek theatre

An open or roofed track or arena for chariot and horse racing in ancient Greece

A structure facing the audience is an amcient Greek theatre, forming the background which performances were given.

Architectural style which placed an emphasis on monumental public buildings; the invention and development of concrete led to a system of vaulting, which demonstrated their sophisticated engineering skills.

Senate house; a public town hall for the citizen of ancient Greece

Classical Order with a capital having both volutes and acanthis leaves, a base and an entablature with dentils

Roman building type used as a meeting place, courthouse, marketplace and lecture hall

Long U-shaped for enclosed arena for chariot and horse racing of the Romans

Shop in a Roman House

A simplified version of the Doric Order with smooth-shafted columns, a simple capital, base and entablature.

He wrote De architectura ( On Architecture), known today as the “Ten Books on Architecture.”

A bridge or other structure designed to convey fresh water

Dry sweating room in a Roman Bath

System of flies on the floor or walls of Roman Baths that provided central heating

Roman open space, rectangular in shape, enclosed by different institutional and public buildings, serving as the city's marketplace and center of public business

A classical arena for gladiatorial contests

A Roman masonry and conrete walling system using baked triangular bricks, with uts rectangular side exposed, and which is kept together in place by concrete mortar

An ancient Roman walling technique characterized by irregulary shaped and randomly placed uncut stones inserted in a core of concrete

The wedge-shaped, often embellished voussoir at the crown of an arch, serving to lock the other voussoirs in place

A compound vault formed by the perpendicular intersection of two vaults, forming arched diagonal arrises called groins

Early Christian Basilica faced ___.

An architectural style where the Roman Basilica form was adopted as the ground plan for most churches, characterized by a rectangular plan and a nave with two side aisles

An Early Christian church characterized by a long, rectangular plan and a high colonnaded nave lit by a clerestory

A portico or vestibule before the nave of a basilica; area for the penitents

An ornamental canopy of or representing fabric over a Christian altar