Tracert is a typical application of ICMP

The next-hop ip address must be specified during static route configeration

In AAA, multiple authentication modes can be configured. For example, assuming that the authentication-mode radius local command is configured, if the device fails to connect to the RADIUS authentication server, it starts local authentication using the locally stored user information.

If no OSPFv3 router ID is configured, the system selects a router ID using rules similar to those used in OSPFv2

SNMP is a standards-based network management protocol widely used on TCP/IP networks. It provides a method for managing network elements through a central computer that runs network management software -- known as a network management station (NMS). An SNMP NMS and SNMP agent communicate with each other through UDP.

DHCPv6 devices are identified by DUIDs, and each DHCPv6 server or client can have only one DUID

If a router fails to find a specific route matching the destination address of a data packet and no default route is available, the router discards the packet.

An ACL is a set of rules, based on which a device can classify packets so that different types of packets can be processed differently.

A greater preference value of a routing protocol indicates a higher preference

In the case of Huawei router, the Tracert command uses UDP to encapsulate probe packets

The broadcast address of the subnet 192.168.1.0/25 is 192.168.1.128

If a network's address is 192.168.1.0, the broadcast address of this network is 192.168.1.255

In STP, the priority of the STP root switch ranges from 0 to 65536

On Huawei devices, you can use the undo summary to prohibit automatic route summarization of RIPv2

On Huawei switches, you can rut the vlan batch command to create multiple VLANs in batches

According to the topology and configuration of interconnected interfaces of switches shown in the figure, the data frame tagged with VLAN 10 can be forwarded correctly between the two switches.

InARP resolves the protocol address of the remote device on each vertual circuit, including IP addresses and IPX addresses

On an FR network, the DLCI identifies a virtual circuit on an interface. The DLCI must be unique during planning and deployment

If AAA authentication is used on Huawei devices and the remote server does not respond, the authentication can be performed on network devices

An ACL does not filter traffic generared by Huawei device towards other devices, but only filters forward traffic, including generared by other devices

SNMP packets are encapsulated in TCP packets

In OSPFv3, router Ids can be used automaticall generated by the system

VLSM can expand any IP network segment, including Class D addresses

On the command line interface of Huawei AR routers, the role of the Save command is to Save the current system time

In RSTP, a backup port can replace a faulty root port

The following configuration commands implement route backup on RtA for a route to the same destination 10.1.1.0

A DHCP Offer packet can carry only one DNS server address

On Huawei switches, VLAN 4095 cannot be created and VLAN 1 cannot be deleted

After the keepalive function is enabled for GRE tunnel, the local end of the GRE tunnel sends a keepalive packet to remote end every 10s

Layer 2 switches are data link devices that identify MAC addresses of Layer 2 data frames and forward Layer 2 data frames on MAC addresses. In addition, they record mappings between MAC addresses and interfaces in the MAC address table.

In RSTP mode, both alternate and backup ports cannot forward user traffic but can receive, process, and send BPDU

On an FR network, when the fr inarp command is executer, the interface where static address mapping entries have been configured sends an Inverse ARP Request packet to the remote device to replace the static address mapping entries

You can run the "startup saved-configuration backup.cfg" command on the user interface of the Versatile Routing Platform (VRP) to specify the "backup.cfg" file as the configuration file for next setup.

You can configure a static route on a broadcast interface by specifying the next-hop IP address or outbound interface

The IKE protocol is used to set up an SA for IPsec automatic negotiation. Identity authentication can be performed when the IP address of the initiator changes dynamically.

Segment routing-traffic engineering (SR-ТЕ) is a new ТЕ tunneling technology that uses SR as a control protocol. All nodes of an SR-TE tunnel, including the ingress and transit nodes, must be aware of the tunnel and complete label distribution and forwarding.

In the MPLS domain, the full name of LER is label egress router.

ICMP packets do not contain port numbers. Thereforem NAPT cannot be used.

After a device is reset, an interface card is hot swapped, or an interface card is reset, the saved MAC address entries on the device or interface card are not lost.

Segment routing (SR) defines destination address prefixes/nodes and adjacenies on the network as segments and allocates segment IDs (SIDs) to these segments. Adjacancy and prefix/node SIDs are non-sequentically arranged in a segment list to form a forwarding path.

SNMP packets are transmitted by UDP.

In the DHCPv6 stateless autoconfiguration solution, hosts do not need to send any DHCPv6 packets.

For DHCP, the priority of an interface address pool is higher than that of a global address pool.

When the lost accesses web service of the server, the value of the "Protocol" field at the network layer is 6.

Before forwarding IPv6 packets, routers do not need to re-encapsulate the data link layer.

In the VRP system, you cannot delete files by running the delete or unreserved vrpcfg.zip command. You must clear files in the recycle bin.

DHCP Request packets must be sent in broadcast mode.

::1/128 is an IPv6 loopback address.

UDP does not guarantee data transmission reliability and does not provide packet sorting and traffic control functions. It is suitable for the traffic that has low requirements for data transmission for data transmission reliability, but high requirement for the transmission speed and delay.

The length of an IPv6 address prefix can be represented by a mask.

For an STP-enabled switch, a port in any state can transition to Disabled state.

When configuring a static route on a broadcast interface, you must specify the next-hop IP address.

The following configuration shows that the IP address of GE0/0/0 on a device is incorrect because ..(нет части).. cannot end in 0.[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 19.224.17.0 255.255.128.0

When a switch receives a unicast data frame, if the destination MAC address of the data frame can be found in the MAC address table of the switch, the data frame is definitely forwarded through the port corresponding to the MAC address.

A router cannot function as both a DHCPv6 server and a DHCP server.

In STP, the root switch is selected by comparing switch priority. In RSTP, both the priorities and MAC addresses of switches are compared.

On a serial interface, you can configure a static route by specifying the next hop address or outbound interface.

When a host uses the IP address 192.168.1.2 to access the Internet, NAT must be performed.

The root protection function provided by RSTP can take effect only on designated ports.

If a loop occurs on a switching network, a broadcast storm may occur.

DHCPv6 clients must obtain both IPv6 addresses and other configurations from the DHCPv6 server.

When the IPsec data encapsulation mode is tunnel mode, the IP address of the intranet host is hidden. In this way, the security of the entire original data packet is protected.

The packets returned by the DHCP server to the DHCP client must be unicast packets.

If a router does not match a specific route when forwarding a packet and there is no default route, the router discards the packet directly.

A gateway must be configured for communication between host and other hosts.

IPV6 interfaces do not forward received data packets whose \”Hop Limit\” field is set to 1.

All interfaces on a router belong to the same broadcast domain.

All interfaces on a router running OSPF must belong to the same area.

For the Versatile Routing Platform (VRP), the login timeout period can be set only on a VTY interface.

In IPv6, the flow label field, source address field, and destination address field specify a forwarding path for a specific data flow.

The router that runs OSPF first enters the Full state and then synchronizes the LSDB.

When a host uses the stateless address autoconfiguration solution to obtain an IPv6 address, the host cannot obtain the DNS server address

The multicast address FF02::1 indicates all nodes within the link-local scope

When the \"delete vrpcfg.zip\" command is run on the user interface of the Versatile Routing Platform (VRP), the file can be permanently deleted only after it is cleared from the recycle bin.

When forwarding a data packet, a router needs to change the destination IP address of the packet.

All ports on the root bridge switch are designated ports.

The IP addresses of VLANIF interfaces on the same switch must be different.

A Layer 2 ACL can match information such as the source MAC address, destination MAC address, source IP address, and destination IP address

IPsec VPN can only encrypt and transmit unicast data, and GRE can encapsulate multicast data.

SNMPv1 defines five protocol operations.

NAPT differentiates IP addresses of different users based on protocol ID in TCP, UDP, or IP packets

OSPFv2 uses new types of LSAs to support IPv6.

The management information base (MIB) is a virtual database that is stored on the NMS

The basic header of IPv6 packets has a fixed length.

When a switch running standard STP receives an inferior configuration BPDU through a port, it immediately sends its own configuration BPDU through the port.

The routers in the backbone area have information about all the LSDBs of other a backareas.

For project cutover, backup or adjustment of configuration files are not required during VRP upgrade, because lost files can be found in the recycle bin.

The IPv6 address 2001:ABEF:224E:FFE2:BCC0:CD00:DDB:8D58 cannot be abbreviated

In RSTP, an edge port becomes a common STP port after receiving a configuration BPDU

The MPLS architecture consists of the control plane and forwarding plane. The forwarding plane switches labels and forwards packets

The default bridge priority of a switch is 32768

In PPP, you can use the \"ppp chap authentication\" command to enable CHAP authentication

The IPv6 address prefixes on both ends of the link must be the same so that an OSPFv3 adjacency can be established

When redundant links exist on a switching network, STP can be used to eliminate loops

A segment routing global block (SRGB) is a set of local labels reserved for global segments. In MPLS and IPv6, an SRGB is a set of local labels reserved for global labels

When a two-way neighbor relationship is set up between two OSPF-enabled routers, it means the LSDB synchronization has been completed, but the SPF algorithm has not been performed yet

As shown in the figure, host A and host B cannot communicate with each other

The router ID of the OSPF-enabled router must be the same as the IP address of an interface on the router

The priority of static routes cannot be manually specified.

The MPLS label header is encapsulated between the data link layer header and the network layer header

When forwarding IPv6 packets, a router searches the routing table based on the source IP address of the IPv6 packets?

For multiple paths to the same destination network the router needs to compare cost values of the paths

You can run mkdir test command on the vrp to create a folder named test in the system

When a router forwards a data packet the packet is encapsulated again each time it passes through the data link layer

In the MPLS forwarding process, when MPLS packets pass through the ingress LER, the ingress LER pops out a label.

ACLs on AR G3 series routers, support configuration and auto sequences.

By default, all SNMP versions (SNMPv1, SNMPv2c and SNMPv3) are enabled on Huawei AGR3 series routers

For STP, the default root path cost of the root bridge is 0.

After the device is reset, an interface card is hot swapped, or an interface card is reset, the saved MAC address entries on the device or interface card are not lost.

By default, it takes at least 30 seconds for an STP-enabled port to transition from Disabled to Forwarding.

The maximum number of VTY user interfaces determines how many users can log in to the device through Telnet or STelnet at the same time.

Compared with IPv4 headers, IPv6 headers do not contain the IHL field.

On P2P networks, OSPFv3 does not need to send DD packets when establishing an OSPFv3 adjacency.

Segment routing (SR) extends IGPs to forward data packets on a network based on MPLS using the source routing technology.

For STP, The Message Age in the configuration BPDUs sent by the root bridge is 0.

In Huawei Devices, when NAPT uses a dynamic address pool, addresses in the pool can be used repeatedly. That is, one IP address can be mapped to multiple intranet IP addresses.

When a switch port receives a frame that does not carry a VLAN tag, it must add a P VID to the frame.

For multiple paths to the same destination network, the router needs to compare cost values of the paths. If the cost values are the same, the router selects the paths based on the preference value.

The authentication, authorization and accounting schemes and HWTACACS or RADIUS server templates created on AR routers take effect only after being applied to a domain.

If a 10 GE optical module is used to connect two Huawei S5710 switches, by default the interconnected (невидно, пропущено 1-2 слова) duplex mode.

If spanning tree protocol (STP) is disabled on the network consisting of switches a layer 2 loop will definitely occur

Apply the following ACL to Telnet.acl number 200rule 5 permit source 172.16.105.2 0#Only the device whose IP address is 172.16.105.2 is allowed for remote login.

When a switch port sends a data frame with the same VLAN tag and PVID, the switch port removes the VLAN tag and forwards the frame.

PPP supports both unidirectional authentication and bidirectional authentication.

You can run the "pwd" and "dir" commands on the Versatile Routing Platform (VRP) to view file information in the current directory.

The load balancing modes at both ends of an Eth-Trunk can be different.

When configuring the Telnet login user interface, you must configure the authentication mode. Otherwise, the user cannot log in to the device

You can run the "mkdir test" command on the Versatile Routing Platform (VRP) to create a folder named "test" in the system.

The TCP protocol uses the three-way handshake mechanism to establish and disable connections. Therefore, TCP supports reliable data transmission.

The solicited-node multicast address corresponding to the IPv6 address 2001::12:1 is FFO2:1:FF12:1.

OSPFv3 itself does not provide the authentication function

An interface on a router cannot function as both a DHCPv6 server and a DHCPv6 client.

IPv6 uses NS and NA packets to perform duplicate address detection (DAD).

After a blackhole MAC address is configured on a device, the device discards packets whose source or destination MAC address is the blackhole MAC address.

In a scenario without virtual links, the next hop of each OSPFv3 route is a link-local address.

If the DHCPv6 client and DHCPv6 server reside on different links, a DHCPv6 relay agent is required

If the value of the "Type/Length" field of an Ethernet data frame is 0x0800, the length range of the upper-layer packet header carried by the data frame is from 20B to 60B

SR encapsulates the segment list identifying a forwarding path into a data packet header for transmission. After receiving the data packet, the receive end parses the segment list. If the top SID of the segment list belongs to the local node, the top SID is popped out, and then further processing is performed. If the top SID of the segment list does not belong to the local node, the data packet is forwarded to the next node in equal cost multiple path (ECMP) mode.

The VLAN ID cannot be set to 0

If Proto of a route displayed in the routing table is Direct, the preference of the route must be 0

The aggregation port of a router can be configured with a routing sub-interface

On an STP-enabled switch, TCN BPDUs are sent only when a port on the local switch is faulty.

After being encapsulated by the data link layer, the application data must carry the MAC address.

By default, the DUID format used by ARG3 series routers is DUID-LL.

When a source end uses application software to send an image file through a network, the TCP/IP encapsulation process of the file is: Data -> Segment -> Packet -> Frame -> Bit

In a broadcast address, all host bits are set to 1 and a broadcast address can be used as a host address.

If a device running STP receives an RSTP configuration BPDU, it discards the BPDU?

In STP, when a designated port receives an inferior configuration BPDU, the designated port immediately sends its own configuration BPDU to the downstream device?

In RSTP mode, interfaces in the Discarding state discard received data frames but maintain the MAC address table based on received data frames.

On an STP-enabled switch, a port in Learning state can transition to the Forwarding state only after the Forward Delay timer expires

Forwarding equivalence class (FEC) is a set of data flows with common characteristics. FEC can be classified based on addresses, not based on service types or QoS.

If the transport-layer protocol is UDP, the value of the “Protocol” field at the network layer is 6.

The following configuration commands implement route backup on RTA for a route to the same destination 10.1.1.0. [RTA]ip route-static 10.1.1.0 2412.1.1.1 permanent [RTAlip route-static 10.1.1.0 2413.1.1.1

If the network administrator does not configure the backbone area, the routers automatically make up the backbone area.

A hybrid port can be connected to either a user host or a switch

Telnet is based on TCP.

The DHCPv6 server also provides configuration information, such as the DNS server address, for hosts.

The data link layer adopts the HDLC encapsulation mode. The IP addresses of the communication parties can be in different network segments.

In a broadcast address, all host bits are set to 1 and a broadcast address can be used as a host address.