We have decided to send part of the armed forces into Korea, under the title of Volunteer Army, to do combat with the forces of America and its running dog Syngman Rhee and to assist our Korean comrades. We recognize this course as necessary. If we allow the United States to occupy all of Korea, Korean revolutionary strength will suffer a fundamental defeat, and the American invaders will run more rampant, and have negative effects for the entire Far East. (Telegram to Stalin Concerning the Decision to Send Troops into Korea for Combat, Oct. 2, 1950)

Which best explains the reason that China needed to send Volunteer Army to Korea for war?

We have decided to send part of the armed forces into Korea, under the title of Volunteer Army, to do combat with the forces of America and its running dog Syngman Rhee and to assist our Korean comrades. We recognize this course as necessary. If we allow the United States to occupy all of Korea, Korean revolutionary strength will suffer a fundamental defeat, and the American invaders will run more rampant, and have negative effects for the entire Far East. (Telegram to Stalin Concerning the Decision to Send Troops into Korea for Combat, Oct. 2, 1950)

Which one is the problem faced by China according to the paragraph?

ARTICLE 3: Marriage must be entered into with the full consent of both the man and the woman and prohibits either party from using coercion强迫 or a third-party interference.

ARTICLE 4: Marriage is only permitted when the male is over twenty years old and the female is eighteen years old.

ARTICLE 5: Men and women who have any of the following conditions are prohibited from getting married:

1) Are direct blood relatives, brothers and sisters born to same parents, or half brothers and sisters; The case of marriage prohibition between collateral blood relatives in the five generations may follow custom.

2) Suffer from physical defects or unable to have sexual relations.

3) Diagnosed with venereal disease, untreated mental disorders, leprosy麻风病 or suffers from other diseases that are medically considered inadequate to be married. （1950 Chinese Marriage Law）

What is the main idea of Article 4?

ARTICLE 3: Marriage must be entered into with the full consent of both the man and the woman and prohibits either party from using coercion强迫 or a third-party interference.

ARTICLE 4: Marriage is only permitted when the male is over twenty years old and the female is eighteen years old.

ARTICLE 5: Men and women who have any of the following conditions are prohibited from getting married:

1) Are direct blood relatives, brothers and sisters born to same parents, or half brothers and sisters; The case of marriage prohibition between collateral blood relatives in the five generations may follow custom.

2) Suffer from physical defects or unable to have sexual relations.

3) Diagnosed with venereal disease, untreated mental disorders, leprosy麻风病 or suffers from other diseases that are medically considered inadequate to be married. （1950 Chinese Marriage Law）

Which one is the most relevant historical context of the 1950 Chinese Marriage Law?

ARTICLE 3: Marriage must be entered into with the full consent of both the man and the woman and prohibits either party from using coercion强迫 or a third-party interference.

ARTICLE 4: Marriage is only permitted when the male is over twenty years old and the female is eighteen years old.

ARTICLE 5: Men and women who have any of the following conditions are prohibited from getting married:

1) Are direct blood relatives, brothers and sisters born to same parents, or half brothers and sisters; The case of marriage prohibition between collateral blood relatives in the five generations may follow custom.

2) Suffer from physical defects or unable to have sexual relations.

3) Diagnosed with venereal disease, untreated mental disorders, leprosy麻风病 or suffers from other diseases that are medically considered inadequate to be married. （1950 Chinese Marriage Law）

Which is not one of the effects后果，效果 of the 1950 Chinese Marriage Law?

Self-reliance was the key impetus动力 for the communes公社, wherein each commune’s education, medical, and production systems would be independent of the others. The drawback with such a system was that it required each commune to produce their own basic necessities, even if they did not have the appropriate resources or raw materials to do so. This flaw dramatically hindered阻碍 Mao’s goal for communes to increase both their iron and grain production. Such defects缺陷 were greatly exacerbated加重 by the communes’ efforts to prove their loyalty to Mao by attempting to exceed the already excessively high quotas定额. Liu Shaoqi’s speech reveals the central government’s inclination to set impossibly high goals and of being disconnected from actual harvest and industrial production levels. (A comment on Liu Shaoqi’s Blueprint for the Great Leap Forward, 1958)

What was the major problem of Great Leap Forward?

Self-reliance was the key impetus动力 for the communes公社, wherein each commune’s education, medical, and production systems would be independent of the others. The drawback with such a system was that it required each commune to produce their own basic necessities, even if they did not have the appropriate resources or raw materials to do so. This flaw dramatically hindered阻碍 Mao’s goal for communes to increase both their iron and grain production. Such defects缺陷 were greatly exacerbated加重 by the communes’ efforts to prove their loyalty to Mao by attempting to exceed the already excessively high quotas定额. Liu Shaoqi’s speech reveals the central government’s inclination to set impossibly high goals and of being disconnected from actual harvest and industrial production levels. (A comment on Liu Shaoqi’s Blueprint for the Great Leap Forward, 1958)

Which one might be a cause of the Great Leap Forward?

1) …Let us hold high the great banner of Chairman Mao, even more voluntarily implement Chairman Mao’s revolutionary line. We will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave. We will mostly closely united around the Central Committee of the Party headed by Chairman Hua, closely follow the strategic plan of the Central Committee of the Party headed by Chairman Hua. Every single action of ours should follow the leadership of the Central Committee of the Party headed by Chairman Hua, with one heart, one mind, and one coordinated step, to tightly grasp to the core policy of thoroughly unveiling and criticizing the “Gang of Four”, to obtain the significant new victory in governing country.… (EDITORIAL IN SUPPORT OF HUA GUOFENG’S “TWO WHATEVERS” POLICY, FEBRUARY 7, 1977)

2) When it comes to emancipating our minds, using our heads, seeking truth from facts and uniting as one in looking to the future, the primary task is to emancipate our minds. Only then can we, guided as we should be by Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, find correct solutions to the emerging as well as inherited problems, fruitfully reform those aspects of the relations of production and of the superstructure that do not correspond with the rapid development of our productive forces, and chart the specific course and formulate the specific policies, methods and measures needed to achieve the four modernizations under our actual conditions. (DENGXIAOPING: "EMANCIPATE THE MIND, SEEK TRUTH FROM FACTS AND UNITE AS ONE IN LOOKING TO THE FUTURE,"DECEMBER 13, 1978)

Which best explains the meaning of “Two Whatevers”?

1) …Let us hold high the great banner of Chairman Mao, even more voluntarily implement Chairman Mao’s revolutionary line. We will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave. We will mostly closely united around the Central Committee of the Party headed by Chairman Hua, closely follow the strategic plan of the Central Committee of the Party headed by Chairman Hua. Every single action of ours should follow the leadership of the Central Committee of the Party headed by Chairman Hua, with one heart, one mind, and one coordinated step, to tightly grasp to the core policy of thoroughly unveiling and criticizing the “Gang of Four”, to obtain the significant new victory in governing country.… (EDITORIAL IN SUPPORT OF HUA GUOFENG’S “TWO WHATEVERS” POLICY, FEBRUARY 7, 1977)

2) When it comes to emancipating our minds, using our heads, seeking truth from facts and uniting as one in looking to the future, the primary task is to emancipate our minds. Only then can we, guided as we should be by Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, find correct solutions to the emerging as well as inherited problems, fruitfully reform those aspects of the relations of production and of the superstructure that do not correspond with the rapid development of our productive forces, and chart the specific course and formulate the specific policies, methods and measures needed to achieve the four modernizations under our actual conditions. (DENGXIAOPING: "EMANCIPATE THE MIND, SEEK TRUTH FROM FACTS AND UNITE AS ONE IN LOOKING TO THE FUTURE,"DECEMBER 13, 1978)

Comparing Hua Guofeng’s idea with that of Deng Xiaoping, which one is incorrect?

Beginning in 1957, access to universities, and often even to high school, was denied to children of families with bad (“black”) class backgrounds. The Cultural Revolution further perverted扭曲 the traditional university system to political ends, with many universities simply closing their doors during much of the period. The return to standard and open entrance exams in 1977 had a deep cathartic宣泄的 experience for Chinese society. Although there were cases of students being denied admission to universities in 1977, the following year, the official policy demanded that no student be denied the opportunity to enter a university based purely on one’s family political background. Given the pent-up被压抑的 demand, Chinese under age 30 (and, in special cases, even older) took the entrance exams, often with considerable support from their work units.（A Comment on the university entrance examinations, 1977)

What does the “bad class” probably refer to?

Beginning in 1957, access to universities, and often even to high school, was denied to children of families with bad (“black”) class backgrounds. The Cultural Revolution further perverted扭曲 the traditional university system to political ends, with many universities simply closing their doors during much of the period. The return to standard and open entrance exams in 1977 had a deep cathartic宣泄的 experience for Chinese society. Although there were cases of students being denied admission to universities in 1977, the following year, the official policy demanded that no student be denied the opportunity to enter a university based purely on one’s family political background. Given the pent-up被压抑的 demand, Chinese under age 30 (and, in special cases, even older) took the entrance exams, often with considerable support from their work units.（A Comment on the university entrance examinations, 1977)

What could be understood from the paragraph?

…The proposal recommended (1) that the production teams, depending on the circumstances and as long as production responsibilities were met, allow certain tasks in the fields to be assigned to a small work group or even to an individual, (2) that the autonomy of the production teams in making decisions be respected by higher levels, (3) that the quotas assigned to the production teams and individual members be reduced, (4) that the produce be distributed to members according to their work, not according to their need, (5) that decisions on the allocation of grain reflect the interests of the nation, the collective, and the individual, and (6) that team members be permitted to work on their own private plots and to sell the produce at local markets…(Ezra F. Vogel, Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, p. 437)

Which one of Four Modernizations is most relevant to the source?

…The proposal recommended (1) that the production teams, depending on the circumstances and as long as production responsibilities were met, allow certain tasks in the fields to be assigned to a small work group or even to an individual, (2) that the autonomy of the production teams in making decisions be respected by higher levels, (3) that the quotas assigned to the production teams and individual members be reduced, (4) that the produce be distributed to members according to their work, not according to their need, (5) that decisions on the allocation of grain reflect the interests of the nation, the collective, and the individual, and (6) that team members be permitted to work on their own private plots and to sell the produce at local markets…(Ezra F. Vogel, Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, p. 437)

Which place is probably relevant to the event that the source is about?

…The proposal recommended (1) that the production teams, depending on the circumstances and as long as production responsibilities were met, allow certain tasks in the fields to be assigned to a small work group or even to an individual, (2) that the autonomy of the production teams in making decisions be respected by higher levels, (3) that the quotas assigned to the production teams and individual members be reduced, (4) that the produce be distributed to members according to their work, not according to their need, (5) that decisions on the allocation of grain reflect the interests of the nation, the collective, and the individual, and (6) that team members be permitted to work on their own private plots and to sell the produce at local markets…(Ezra F. Vogel, Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, p. 437)

Which understanding of the clauses条款 is not correct?

…But lowering emissions 低排放 on its own won’t be enough. China has 1.4 billion people. They all want to be consumers. They all want the latest gadgets玩意（新奇事物） and to throw out the old ones and that too has huge environmental cost. Until recently it was all unregulated. “Most of the laws which were made in 1980s or 90s were not so strict, like the environmental law. Now we re-amended it and now the law is with teeth. It’s stronger, I mean tighter rules and regulations to make sure that laws are better implemented. As China economy grows, more resources can be given to environmental protection. Things move step by step, at the beginning I think when there is an economic shortage, you really couldn’t think more. Then with progress of economy and with a wide awareness in the public, there’s more attention, more support given to environmental protections.” (A Documentary of Chinese Opening Up)

Which one probably caused the economic shortage that the paragraph refers to?

…But lowering emissions 低排放 on its own won’t be enough. China has 1.4 billion people. They all want to be consumers. They all want the latest gadgets玩意（新奇事物） and to throw out the old ones and that too has huge environmental cost. Until recently it was all unregulated. “Most of the laws which were made in 1980s or 90s were not so strict, like the environmental law. Now we re-amended it and now the law is with teeth. It’s stronger, I mean tighter rules and regulations to make sure that laws are better implemented. As China economy grows, more resources can be given to environmental protection. Things move step by step, at the beginning I think when there is an economic shortage, you really couldn’t think more. Then with progress of economy and with a wide awareness in the public, there’s more attention, more support given to environmental protections.” (A Documentary of Chinese Opening Up)

Which one of the understandings is not correct according to the paragraph?

…After the return of Hong Kong, the Central People’s Government shall be responsible for foreign affairs relating to Hong Kong and the defense of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region特别行政区 shall be vested授予, in accordance with the Basic Law, with executive power, legislative power and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. Hong Kong people shall enjoy various rights and freedoms according to law. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall gradually develop a democratic system that suits Hong Kong’s reality.

After the return, Hong Kong will retain its status of a free port, continue to function as an international financial, trade and shipping center and maintain and develop its economic and cultural ties with other countries, regions, and relevant international organizations. The legitimate economic interests of all countries and regions in Hong Kong will be protected by law.

Hong Kong compatriots同胞 have a glorious patriotic tradition. Hong Kong’s prosperity today, in the final analysis, has been built by Hong Kong compatriots. It is also inseparable from the development and support of the mainland. I am confident that, with the strong backing of the entire Chinese people, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Hong Kong compatriots will be able to manage Hong Kong well, build it up and maintain its long-term prosperity and stability, thereby ensuring Hong Kong a splendid future. (Jiang Zemin’s speech at the Handover Ceremony交接仪式, 1997)

What is the policy relevant to the speech?

…After the return of Hong Kong, the Central People’s Government shall be responsible for foreign affairs relating to Hong Kong and the defense of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region特别行政区 shall be vested授予, in accordance with the Basic Law, with executive power, legislative power and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. Hong Kong people shall enjoy various rights and freedoms according to law. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall gradually develop a democratic system that suits Hong Kong’s reality.

After the return, Hong Kong will retain its status of a free port, continue to function as an international financial, trade and shipping center and maintain and develop its economic and cultural ties with other countries, regions, and relevant international organizations. The legitimate economic interests of all countries and regions in Hong Kong will be protected by law.

Hong Kong compatriots同胞 have a glorious patriotic tradition. Hong Kong’s prosperity today, in the final analysis, has been built by Hong Kong compatriots. It is also inseparable from the development and support of the mainland. I am confident that, with the strong backing of the entire Chinese people, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Hong Kong compatriots will be able to manage Hong Kong well, build it up and maintain its long-term prosperity and stability, thereby ensuring Hong Kong a splendid future. (Jiang Zemin’s speech at the Handover Ceremony交接仪式, 1997)

Which one is the most important position of Jiang Zemin that influenced his speech?

…After the return of Hong Kong, the Central People’s Government shall be responsible for foreign affairs relating to Hong Kong and the defense of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region特别行政区 shall be vested授予, in accordance with the Basic Law, with executive power, legislative power and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. Hong Kong people shall enjoy various rights and freedoms according to law. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall gradually develop a democratic system that suits Hong Kong’s reality.

After the return, Hong Kong will retain its status of a free port, continue to function as an international financial, trade and shipping center and maintain and develop its economic and cultural ties with other countries, regions, and relevant international organizations. The legitimate economic interests of all countries and regions in Hong Kong will be protected by law.

Hong Kong compatriots同胞 have a glorious patriotic tradition. Hong Kong’s prosperity today, in the final analysis, has been built by Hong Kong compatriots. It is also inseparable from the development and support of the mainland. I am confident that, with the strong backing of the entire Chinese people, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Hong Kong compatriots will be able to manage Hong Kong well, build it up and maintain its long-term prosperity and stability, thereby ensuring Hong Kong a splendid future. (Jiang Zemin’s speech at the Handover Ceremony交接仪式, 1997)

What is the main idea of the final paragraph?