WorksheetsGEOG 105 EXAM 1
Total questions: 57
Worksheet time: 29mins
High-speed rail has reduced the travel time between Madrid and Barcelona from six hours to two and a half hours. This means that the __________________ between the cities has changed.
Relative Distance
Absolute Distance
Longitude
Latitude
"Landscape" refers to
What we see when we look out the window
How we feel when we are in a certain place
How different toponyms came to be
The difference between site and situation
When we say that studying human-environment interactions involves analysis, we mean
describing the landscape
creating new knowledge from the information we have.
gathering primary data from the field.
predicting what will happen next.
Distribution and diffusion are examples of how we might study which theme of geography?
Human-environment interactions
Regions
Movement
Location
Demonstrating how different regions form based on the languages people use on Twitter is an example of __________ regions.
Functional
Vernacular
Formal
A map that shows where the countries of the world are located, but not any additional information about them, is a _________ map.
Navigation
Thematic
Topographic
Reference
Some maps show data in terms of states, others in terms of countries. This is a variation in
Cartographic scale
Representational scale
Choropleth scale
Geographic scale
If you are designing a choropleth map with four classes, and you want each class to have the same width, you will use ________ to construct your class intervals.
Equal Intervals
Quartiles
Natural Breaks
The National Mall in Washington, DC, is designed to evoke certain feelings when you visit it: pride, respect, reverence, etc. This is an example of
Site
Landscape
Sense of place
Situation
The water crisis in Flit, MI, with its combination of politics, chemistry, and socio-economic status, emphasizes the importance of understanding which geographic theme?
Regions
Place
Location
Human-environment interactions
Students who attend a community college tend to go to the one nearest their home; as a result, we can draw a map of regions that indicates how far each college's "territory" spreads. This is an example of which type of region?
Formal
Vernacular
Functional
__________ can be defined as what we see when we look out the window.
Toponyms
Site and situation
Landscape
Sense of place
States that have similar types of forests are grouped together by the US Forest Service for administrative purposes. This is an example of which type of region?
Functional
Formal
Vernacular
When we say the "digital" earth, we are referring to
Information that can only be gathered via electronic means.
Information that can be stored in 0s and 1s.
Information that has to be mapped in order to analyze it
Information that can only be analyzed from a distance.
If we want to know how long it will take to travel from where we are to the closest beach, the theme of geography that would be of most interest is
Location
Place
Regions
Human-environment interactions
Geographers study __________ in order to understand what the names of places tell us about their history.
Class intervals
Synthesis
Toponyms
Latitude
One way to define the boundaries of the U.S. South is to map where people are tweeting from when they use "y'all" on Twitter. This is an example of which type of region?
Functional
Vernacular
Formal
Seeing north at the top of a world map is an example of a cartographic _____.
Convention
Rule
Practice
Simplification
We have to reduce the amount of detail on a map when representing the world out there; there’s just too much information otherwise! The process by which we reduce the detail of the real world is:
Projection
Generaliztion
Representation
Symbolization
Portugal and Spain share a border along a ridge of mountains, but that border is a different length depending on which country is measuring it. How can this be?
As the smaller country, Portugal is generalizing to a finer level of detail
As the larger country, Spain is less concerned about capturing every detail of the ridgeline
Portugal includes the maritime border in its calculations, wheras Spain does not
A and B
Elimination and simplification are examples of _________ generalization.
Projection
Dissimilar
Conceptual
Graphic
Visual variables are an important part of cartography because maps are means of _________.
Communication
Truth-making
Orientation
Convention
One of the few exceptions to the rule that hue or color should not be used to show quantity is:
Population
Temperature
Wind speed
Rainfall
The secret cities of the Soviet Union are an example of deliberately inducing _____ into mapping.
Precision
Uncertainity
Error
Accuracy
The difference between accuracy and precision has to do with:
the natural units of analysis we use in conceptualizing reality.
whether a mistake is deliberate or accidental.
uncertainty in boundaries vs. multiple forms of description.
how detailed an estimate is vs. how close it is to the actual value.
If we’re mapping how far an oil spill has spread in the Gulf of Mexico, we need to decide ahead of time what concentration of oil has to be in the water for us to map it. This is an example of:
Error
Ambiguity
Vaguness
Accuracy
Uncertainty in measurement and representation can come from all of the following except:
Making a mistake in recording data
Different cultural expectations of how place is represented
Vagueness in conceptualizing reality
Incorrectly classifying data after we've collected it
Uncertainty in analysis can come from all of the following except:
Mapping data in one kind of territory (like states) vs. another kind (like counties).
Using addresses that are locally specific and not standardized.
Mapping absolute numbers of people without normalizing them across territories.
Assuming the average value of a territory applies to everyone within that territory.
When we take a variable like population that exists continuously over space and break it up into discrete territories for mapping purposes, we have to consider:
The modifiable areal unit problem
Vagueness and ambiguity
The ecological fallacy
Error and uncertainty
Electoral maps use different visual variables in order to determine the best way to overcome the
Ecological fallacy
Aggregation effects
Modifiable areal unit problem
Ambiguity problem
The standard six visual variables that cartographers use include all of the following except:
Texture
Merging
Hue
Shape
The textbook describes the four main properties of map projections, only one of which can be preserved at a time. Which of the following is not one of these properties?
Orientation
Distance
Angles
Areas
The cartographer's choice of class intervals can make a difference in how the map reader interprets the map. This could be considered an example of which kind of uncertainty?
Error
Measurement
Analysis
Conceptualizing reality
If we map low-income populations and exposure to air pollution at the neighborhood level and find there is a significant relationship, but then map the same two variables at the country level and find no such relationship, we've produced an example of the
modifiable areal unit problem with aggregation effects
modifiable areal unit problem with scale effects
ecological fallacy with scale effects
ecological fallacy with aggregation effects
Combining geographic information from different map projections---which should never be done---would be an example of
Uncertainty in analysis
Uncertainty in conceptualizing reality
Uncertainty in measurement
When we talk about uncertainty in conceptualizing reality, we mean:
There can be multiple ways to describe the same thing, and therefore multiple ways to represent it
There is only one natural unit of analysis, but there are multiple visual variables we can use
The modifiable areal unit problem can lead to a lack of both accuracy and precision
Which of the following is an example of ambiguity and how it affects mapping ?
Deciding what concentration of oil has to be in the water for us to map the effects of an oil spill
Determining whether something is an island or a peninsula based on whether the tide is high or low
Determining whether an airport is too noisy based on how close your house is to the airport
Deliberately hiding information such as a cluster of deaths due to cancer.
A datum refers to
Our choice of developable surface in choosing a map projection
The use of a transverse projection for north-south maps
Calculating the great circle distance between two points
The surface we use as a base from which to make very accurate measurements
If we look at Census data and find obvious mistakes such as people riding a ferryboat to work in the middle of Illinois, what is this an example of?
Precision, because a ferry boat is a very specific means of transportation
Uncertainty, because we don't know how that mistake was introduced
Ambiguity, because people might take more than one form of transportation to get to work.
Vagueness, because "ferryboat" can mean many different things
If there's one word that you should think about when you think of GIS, it would be
Statistics
Layers
Maps
Images
Which of the following is an example of geospatial rather than spatial information?
A diagram showing a city’s water system
An architect’s plan for a house
An x-ray of the human body
The technical drawing of a car
How are you using GIS on a regular basis without even knowing it?
Utility companies use GIS to get water and power to you at home or at school
Logistics companies use GIS to deliver products to your front door
Oil companies use GIS to discover oil reserves that will be processed into gasoline you later buy
All of the above
GIS not only allows us to make maps, but to ask basic questions of our data. This is known as a(n)
Layer
Query
Edit
Summary
Which of the following is not a component of every geographic information system?
Software
Hardware
Photographs
People
The hardware that comprises a GIS can include any of the following except
Magnetic resonance imaging
Desktop computer
Large-scale printer or plotter
Mobile phone
Geographic information science can include
Developing better statistical methods to deal with geospatial data
Applying cognitive science to understand how people interpret animated maps
Producing better algorithms to handle "big data"
All of the above
Maps generally represent a static pattern rather than an ongoing process. Trying to represent a process rather than
Geographical primitives
Mapping absolute numbers of people without normalizing them across territories
Dynamic GIS
Raster models
Pattern is done via
Traditional statistics makes which of the following assumptions that spatial statistics does not?
Observations are usually found in a normal distribution.
Observations made in close physical proximity are independent of each other.
Different samples from the same data set have roughly the same variance.
Data are not skewed towards the high or low end of the scale.
Early example of remote sensing include photographs taken from all of the following except
Kites
Mechanical birds
cameras attached to birds
Hot air balloons
Remote sensing refers to technologies that measure various kinds of
Atmospheric radiation
Geographical primitives
Electromagnetic radiation
Radiometric resolution
Remote sensing has enabled archaeologists in Cambodia to discover what about Angkor Wat?
The city had a large-scale irrigation system before anywhere else in the world.
There had actually been farm fields inside the city walls.
Different kind of crops were grown there compared to the surrounding areas.
City walls had been much higher than they had estimated.
If one remotely sensed image uses pixels that represent one meter on a side, vs. an image with pixels that represent fifty meters on a side, we would say that the first one
has a higher spatial resolution.
has a lower spatial resolution.
has a lower spectral resolution.
has a higher spectral resolution.
The spectral signature of a specific type of land cover refers to
which electromagnetic wavelengths are reflected by that surface.
the amount of radiation absorbed by that surface.
the pixel size necessary to detect that land cover.
Higher spectral resolution means that we can more easily distinguish between
different kinds of crops
vegetation vs. urban areas
fire and smoke
all of the above
A higher temporal resolution means that you have a shorter
pre-processing period
revisit period
spectral signature
sensor orbit
We can think of the difference between weather and climate as a difference in _______ resolution.
Spatial
Spectral
Temporal
The different stages in processing remotely sensed images include all of the following except:
Image enhancement
Image restoration
Image geometrics
Image classification
