A 20-year-old student was rushed to the hospital due to difficulty of breathing. Upon broncolaverolar lavage, Curschmann spirals, Charcot-Leyden crystals, and numerous eosinophils were seen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 29-year-old man hospitalized for AIDS  is found to have pulmonary tuberculosis. Which type of necrosis is found in the granulomatous lesions (clusters of modified macrophages) characteristic of this increasingly frequent complication of AIDS?

An 86-year-old man with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection presents with fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, mental obtundation, and reduced blood pressure. Which of the following forms of shock is most likely?

A 3-year-old boy presents with cyanosis and shortness of breath that develops when he plays with friends. According to his mother, the boy was born cyanotic. The boy is very small and short for his age, and he squats on the floor next to his mother. Chest radiography reveals a boot-shaped heart, normal heart size, and a right aortic arch. Echocardiography reveals a large ventricular septal defect with an overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 4-year-old boy presents with severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema, and hyperlipidemia. The patient improves on an empiric trial of corticosteroids, with complete resolution of proteinuria. Which of the following do you expect to see on electron microscopy?

A 70-year-old woman has a long history of metastatic colon cancer, and she donates her body for use in medical school anatomy courses. At death, the body is emaciated and cachectic, and gross dissection reveals small fibrin deposits arranged around the line of closure of the leaflets of the mitral valve. The valvular lesions most likely represent:

A 53-year-old woman presents with dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, edema in the legs and feet, and fatigue. She has no history of angina, other signs of coronary artery disease, hypertension, or valvular disease. Echocardiography reveals cardiomegaly, with four-chamber hypertrophy and dilation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 25-year-old African-American woman presents with fatigue, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and chest pain. She does not smoke. A chest radiograph reveals prominent bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (“potato nodules”) and diffuse reticular densities in the interstitium of the lung. Laboratory studies reveal polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, hypercalcemia, and increased serum angiotensin-converting enzyme. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is not considered a cell-mediated hypersensitivity type of reaction?

A 30-year-old male comes into your clinic complaining of vesicular skin lesions localized on his left back, which is accompanied by intense itching, burning, and sharp pain. He remembers having chickenpox when he was 10 years old. The etiologic agent invades and becomes latent in which of the following cells?

A 35-year-old woman complains of enlargement of the thyroid. You notice that TSH is low, but free T3 and T4 are elevated. Upon biopsy, you notice that thyroid follicles are atrophic, and are surrounded by epithelial cells distinguished by the presence of abundant eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 50-year-old right-handed man with a long history of rheumatic heart disease with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation is brought to the emergency department after collapsing to the floor at home. He is unable to speak or walk and has right hemiplegia with a right extensor plantar response. These findings most likely result from embolism to which of the following arteries?

The parents of a 17-year-old boy with Down syndrome seek counseling because they are concerned that their son may develop a life-threatening disorder known to be associated with his chromosomal abnormality. The physician should be prepared to discuss which of the following disorders in terms of its association with Down syndrome?

A 19-year-old college sophomore is referred by his ophthalmologist because of the finding of ectopia lentis (dislocation of the lens), which has resulted in visual difficulties that have interfered with his performance on the varsity basketball team. The patient is very tall, with long limbs and long, slender, spiderlike fingers. His chest has a “caved-in” appearance, and he also has a modest degree of scoliosis. A midsystolic “click” is heard, and an echocardiogram reveals mitral valve prolapse. The most likely diagnosis is...

Pulmela, 80/F has been bed-ridden for the past 3 months after sustaining a hip fracture. One day, she suddenly collapsed and died before reaching the hospital. Her family assumes that it was due to MI. During her autopsy, the pathologist saw a saddle embolus lodged between her left and right pulmonary arteries. Where does this structure USUALLY originate from?

You encounter a 63 year old male complaining of abrupt blindness, fever, fatigue and weight loss. He also complains of an intense headache along the course of the temporal artery. The pain worsens upon palpation. The symptoms are relieved by corticosteroids and anti-TNF therapy. Biopsy shows arterial segments developing intimal thickening and medial granulomatous inflammation. What is the diagnosis?

You encounter a 52 year old alcoholic complaining of jaundice and a painful right upper quadrant. You admit the patient to the wards for further diagnostics, where he suddenly develops severe hypotension, tachycardia, decreased urine output and pallor, eventually expiring. What is the most likely immediate cause of the patient's death?

You did a PE on a patient recently diagnosed with Hodgkin's Lymphoma and palpated lymph nodes spread over two regions on the same side of the diaphragm. Based on the Ann Arbor Staging System, what stage can this be classified as?

A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department in obvious severe pain. He states that he has severe pain in his right flank that extends down to his right groin. The pain is sharp and severe, and it started several minutes earlier. An abdominal radiograph demonstrates the presence of right ureteral urolithiasis. Which of the following is the most likely composition of this patient’s stone?

A 36-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of painless enlargement of the testis. Further laboratory studies reveal an increase in serum hCG. Of the following, which is the most likely diagnosis?