A 46-year-old woman is evaluated for voice changes after thyroid surgery. The patient was diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer and subsequently underwent thyroidectomy. Immediately after the surgery, she noticed persistent hoarseness and dysphagia. Which nerve was most likely injured during the surgery.

The adrenal glands are ____ glands that produce a variety of hormones.

Where are the adrenal glands found?

What does the outer cortex of the adrenal gland produce?

What does the inner medulla of the adrenal gland produce

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) effects:

Glucorticoids (cortisol) effects:

Adrenal sex hormones controls:

What is the source for synthesis of all steroid hormones

Adrenal glands are

Mineralcorticoid synthesis occurs at the zone

The main site of the synthesis of glucocorticoids is at the zone

Arterial blood supply of adrenal glands

What does the medulla of the adrenal gland produce?

Main site of androgen production

What structure holds the pituitary gland?

Pituitary gland is also called

The anterior lobe carries out the important task of

Acidophils are ____ and look ____ on H&E, while basophils are ____ and look ____ on H&E.

Acidophils include two main hormones -producing cells-

Somatotroph produces

Mammotroph produces

Gonadotroph produces

Corticotroph produces

Thyrotroph produces

Prolactin is important for

B-FLAT:

The pituitary gland begins to develop during the...

The neuropophysis develop from

The adenohypophysis develop from

A 23-year-old female patient is at your office for the first time, she came from a distal rural region because the only nurse there told her should have her neck checked as it's been growing in the last couple of months. There's no contributive medical history at the interview, from her physical exam it's remarkable her BP is 141/91mmHg, her eyes are within the orbicular fossa but seem they're almost protruding, S1 and S2 are rhythmic intense, almost pounding heart sounds and you can palpate her thyroid gland bilaterally. The serum antibodies you're certain will be present and positive in this patient are

You request serum thyroid hormone levels, T3 and T4 elevated with decreased TSH, your clinical suspicion for diagnosis

The first line recommendation upon a thyroid mass (palpable thyroid gland)

What results confirm the diagnosis in a patient with suspected hyperthyroidism?

It occurs more frequently in women than men. With peak incidence between 20-40 years of age.

32-year-old patient with visual abnormalities and suspicion of pituitary disfunction was admitted to the hospital. An MRI of the brain revealed a 12mm sized pituitary adenoma. After resection of the tumor, a sample was sent to pathology. The cells observed were mainly acidophilic. Which celular type is most likely the adenoma be conformed of?

Which of the following hormones is not manufactured by the pituitary gland but is stored in the pituitary gland?

Which of the following hormones resides in the Herring bodies of the pituitary gland?

Where is the thyroid gland located?

What is the structural unit of thyroid gland?

Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary?

Which cells are stimulated by TRH?

What does TSH activate?

What is the main building unit of the thyroglobulin?

What is the substance is added to the thyroglobulin colloid during iodation?

How many effects has the enzyme thyroid peroxidase?

TPO has three functions

Which two substances collectively form TH

Which substance binds TH in the bloodstream?

DIT + DIT =

DIT + MIT =

Iodine + MIT =

63-year-old male has a knee replacement surgery. After the surgery the patient develops symptoms compatible with Sheehan syndrome. Where is secreted the growth hormone?

28-year-old female start the anesthesiology residency. She has been informed that shifts are 24/48h. She realizes that she will have several stressing sleepless nights. Which of the following INHIBITS the secretion of the growth hormone by the anterior pituitary?

B cells produce

D cells produce

Alpha cells produce

No insulinitis, amyloid deposition in islets

Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, failure of compensation

Onset: usually childhood and adolescence

Vast majority are obese (80%)

Major linkage to MHC class II genes; also linked to polymorphisms in CTLA4 and PTPN22, and insulin gene VNTRs

Circulating islet autoantibodies

33-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of the white discharge form her nipples for 4 months. During this period, menses have occurred at irregular 30 to 45 day intervals and have lasted 3 to 10 days; menses had previously occurred at regular 30 day intervals with moderate flow. She has also had recurrent headaches that partially subside with ibuprofen. She has a healthy 5-year-old son. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

55-year-old woman had a difficult labor 30 years earlier and had gone into coma followed by extensive uterine bleeding and hypotension. She had gradually recovered but had been unable to lactate and her periods had not returned. She lost her public and axillary hair. Her skin became dry and wrinkled she develop cold sensitivity, and her mental status deteriorated. She had memory loss and 3as lethargic. What is the most likely diagnosis?

This enzyme is the rate-limiting step in the eventual formation of adrenal steroids: