The main issue in the controversy of the retractions of Jose Rizal is whether or not Jose Rizal retracted in favor of the Aglipay Church.

In the Cry of Pugad Lawin, “cry” is understood as decision to revolt, the tearing of community tax certificates or cedulas, or the encounter with Spanish forces.

Katipunan is the body of rules and maxims in accordance with which the powers of sovereignty are habitually exercised.

The 4 qualities of a good Written Constitution is that it is ratified, brief, broad and definite.

The Preamble serves as an introduction to the Constitution. It is considered a source of light and not a source of rights or obligations.

The culture of the Philippines comprises a blend of traditional Filipino and Italian Catholic traditions, with influences from America and other parts of Asia. The Filipinos are financially oriented and often religious with an appreciation for art, fashion, music and food.

Philippine Folk dances are means of expressing the beliefs, moods and emotions of the people, and have been the mode of communication.

Tinikling dance takes its name from the bells worn on the ankles of the Muslim princess. Perhaps one of the oldest of truly Filipino dances, it recounts the epic legend of the "Darangan" of the Maranao people of Mindanao.

Francisca Reyes Aquino is considered as the legendary “Mother of Philippine Dancing” who dedicated more than ten decades of her life to the collection and dissemination of much of the available information about Philippine folk dances.

Cultural Heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values

Currently, there are 13 heritage sites listed by the UNESCO in the Philippines.

The Proclamation of Philippine independence was held at Kawit, Cavite, on June 12, 1998.

A snap presidential election happened between Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino in 1896 that led to the EDSA 1 revolution.

The 1987 Philippine Constitution consists of 18 articles and is excessively long compared to the 1935 and 1973 constitutions.

1986 EDSA 1 Revolution as a political document may be considered as the concrete manifestation or expression of the Social Contract or the decision to abandon the ‘state of nature’ and organize and found a civil society or State.

The purpose of the Philippine Constitution is to prescribe the permanent framework of a system of government, to assign to the several departments their respective powers and duties, and to establish certain first principles on which the government is founded.

The Present Philippine Constitution took effect on April 2, 1987, which is the date of its ratification in the plebiscite held on that same date and not on the date its ratification was proclaimed.

The 3 types of a Constitution is written or unwritten, conventional or cumulative, and rigid or flexible.

Revision broadly refers to a change that adds, reduces, or deletes without altering the basic principles involved. Generally, affects only the specific provision.

Amendment broadly implies a change that alters at least one basic principle in the Constitutions, like altering the principle of separation of powers or the system of check and balances.

Teresa Magbanua, Agueda Kahabagan, Melchora Aquino and Marian Rivera are some of the famous Filipina women who fought for freedom and independence.

Emilio Jacinto is considered as the “Father of Philippine Revolution” while Jose Rizal is considered as the Philippine National Hero.

Gregoria de Jesús y Álvarez, also known by her nickname Oriang, was the founder and vice-president of the women's chapter of the Katipunan of the Philippines. She was also the custodian of the documents and seal of the Katipunan.

The Philippine Revolution failed to secure the desired reforms, especially the expulsion of the friars and their replacement by Filipino secular priests and equality before the law between Spaniards and Filipinos.