Mandate of _________: Authority granted by heaven to deserving rulers

Use of the __________ of government to manage a widespread empire ○ Emperor gives land to ‘lords’ ○ These leaders pledge loyalty to the Emperor ○ These leaders give out jobs and land to knights and peasants

Zhou Dynasty ended in________ and political upheaval

China was unified by ___________following the Warring States period

following the Warring States period ● Utilized strong _______ power conquer their enemies

societal order had to be maintained with strict laws and harsh punishments

Standardized the Chinese language and a system of measurement ○ weights, measures, coinage ● Unified writing and law code for China ● Credit for unifying China economically, politically, and culturally

End of rebellion: peasant named ^________ emerged as the new emperor of China and established the Han Dynasty

The Had Dynasty achievements: effective tax collection system ● a postal service ● built extensive roads, canals, and defensive walls ● protected the empire from the threat of nomadic invaders

The Han Dynasty: maintained many of the policies of the Qin but relaxed the severity through use of ________