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Earth Science Beginning of Course Benchmark

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 3hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

natural solid substance found in the earth crust

a)

fossils

b)

weathering

c)

minerals

d)

magma

2.

rock once melted, cooled and hardened

a)

metamorphic rock

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

fossils

d)

igneous rock

3.

any type of rock changed by heat and pressure

a)

metamorphic rock

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

fossils

d)

igneous rock

4.

a rock that forms from material that is settled into layers

a)

metamorphic rock

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

fossils

d)

igneous rock

5.

process of rocks changing into other types of rocks

a)

recycling

b)

rock cycle

c)

water cycle

d)

weathering

6.

the movement of the Earth's plates on the mantle

a)

faults

b)

minerals

c)

sand

d)

plate tectonics

7.

the original continent that was all continents combined

a)

Australia

b)

Pangaea

c)

Antarctica

d)

Gondwanaland

8.
The layer of gases surrounding the Earth
a)
Hydrosphere
b)
Cryosphere
c)
Oxyosphere
d)
Atmosphere
9.
The liquid water on Earth
a)
hydrosphere
b)
cryosphere
c)
thermosphere
d)
aquasphere
10.
Earth’s entire solid or rocky body
a)
Hydrosphere
b)
Asthenosphere
c)
Geosphere
d)
Mesosphere
11.
All of the living things on the Earth
a)
Biosphere
b)
Atmosphere
c)
The continents
d)
Hydrosphere
12.

The outermost layer of the earth's structure is indicated by the number ....

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

13.

A physical feature of Earth's surface.

a)

Deposition

b)

Plate

c)

Fault

d)

Landform

14.

An opening in Earth's crust through which lava flows.

a)

Continental Drift

b)

Landform

c)

Earthquake

d)

Volcano

15.

A shaking of the ground caused by sudden release of energy in Earth's crust.

a)

Erosion

b)

Volcano

c)

Earthquake

d)

Deposition

16.

The remains or traces of past life found in Earth's crust.

a)

Erosion

b)

Fossils

c)

Crust

d)

Magma

17.

What process is shown by letter B in the diagram?

a)

condensation

b)

transpiration

c)

evaporation

d)

precipitation

18.

During evaporation, water changes from a _________ to a __________.

a)

solid, liquid

b)

gas, liquid

c)

liquid, gas

d)

liquid, solid

19.

What process is show by letter A in the diagram?

a)

condensation

b)

evaporation

c)

accumulation

d)

precipitation

20.

Water that is constantly moving and recycled above, on, and under the Earth is called ___.

a)

evaporation

b)

infiltration

c)

run off

d)

water cycle

21.

What are clouds made of?

a)

dry air

b)

water

22.

What are formed when water vapor condenses?

a)

Clouds

b)

Mountains

c)

Transpiration

d)

Valleys

23.
What part of the water cycle does this picture show?
a)
condensation
b)
precipitation
c)
evaporation
24.

Why is the temperature lower at night than during the day?

a)

There are more clouds at night to block the sun's rays

b)

Winds blow harder at night

c)

The temperature depends on energy from the sun

d)

There is less water in the air at night

25.

Why can't you see the water vapor in the air?

a)

It exists as a clear, colorless gas

b)

It's all been condensed

c)

There is very little of it

d)

It's all far away, in the upper atmosphere

26.

Why does it tend to be cool at the Earth's poles?

a)

They are farthest from the sun

b)

They have high absolute humidity

c)

They have the worst weather

d)

Sunlight strikes them at extreme angles

27.

How does air move?

a)

Warm air rises and cool air sinks

b)

Warm air sinks and cool air rises

28.
If the Earth moved farther away from the Sun, what would probably happen?
a)
There would be colder weather
b)
There would be more seasons
c)
There would be no moon
d)
There would be no tides
29.
About how long does it take Earth to make one complete orbit (revolution) around the Sun?
a)
24 hours
b)
7 day
c)
1 month
d)
1 year
30.

When Earth spins on its axis it is called

a)

resolution

b)

revolution

c)

umbra

d)

rotation

e)

geostationary orbit

31.

Which are the terrestrial planets?

Choose TWO answers.

a)

Mars and Jupiter

b)

Earth and Saturn

c)

Venus and Mercury

d)

Uranus and Pluto

e)

Earth and Mars

32.

The sun produces energy in its core through a process called:

a)

nuclear fusion

b)

nuclear fission

c)

convection

d)

radiation

33.

Which of the planets are the gas giants?

Choose TWO answers.

a)

Earth and Venus

b)

Mars and Mercury

c)

Uranus and Saturn

d)

Jupiter and Neptune

34.

A huge group of single stars, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity is called

a)

quasar

b)

galaxy

c)

globular cluster

d)

eclipsing binaries

35.
The third planet from the Sun
a)
Mercury
b)
Neptune
c)
Venus
d)
Earth
36.
The central star in our solar system
a)
Earth
b)
Sun
c)
Northern Star
d)
Moon
37.

What type of surface do the first four planets have?

a)

Rock

b)

Liquid

c)

Gas

d)

Gas and Liquid

38.
The moon reflects light from the Sun.
a)
True
b)
False
39.
The hardest mineral on the Mohs Hardness scale
a)
Talc
b)
Obsidian
c)
Diamond
d)
Quartz
40.

Minerals are inorganic which means that

a)

they were once parts of living things.

b)

renewable

c)

they were never part of anything living.

d)

they are nonrenewable

41.

a naturally occurring, non-living solid that has a specific chemical make-up and a repeating structure.

a)

rock

b)

mineral

c)

stone

d)

mountain

42.

What is an observation?

a)

A scientific statement based on ideas

b)

Using your senses to notice what is going on around you

c)

To be unaware of your surroundings

d)

The question that you want an answer to.

43.
This is the last step in the scientific method
a)
Draw a conclusion
b)
Record your data as results
c)
Share what you have learned with others
d)
Collaborate with others
44.
A series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or answer a question. 
a)
scientific method
b)
recipe
c)
data collection
d)
metric system
45.

What step does every scientific experiment begin with?

a)

hypothesis

b)

question/problem

c)

procedures

d)

conclusion

46.
During this step of the scientific method, a scientist would gather background information. 
a)
Hypothesis
b)
Research
c)
Observation
d)
Experiment 
47.
The information you record in an experiment is called your ____________.
a)
data
b)
conclusions
c)
notebook
d)
inquiry
48.

What two things determine the gravity of an object?

a)

mass & weight

b)

mass & distance

c)

density & mass

d)

volume & distance

49.
Why does ice float?
a)
Liquid water is less dense than solid water.
b)
Solid water is less dense than liquid water.
c)
Gaseous water is less dense than solid water.
d)
Liquid water is less dense than gaseous water.
50.
Put the liquids in order from most dense to least dense?
a)
4, 3, 2, 1
b)
1, 2, 3, 4
c)
3, 4, 2, 1, 
d)
4, 3, 1, 2

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