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WorksheetsChapter 1- Recap and biases
Total questions: 9
Worksheet time: 9mins
Logical and Critical Thinking aims to:
Help us ensure that we have good reasons for our beliefs.
Help us recognise errors in our reasoning and in the reasoning of others.
Help us learn strategies to overcome common obstacles to good logical and critical thinking.
All of the above.
A thinking strategy that enables quick efficient judgments is:
a deliberate strategy.
always a correct one.
a heuristic.
Fundamental attribution error
Use of heuristics may lead to:
biases
always being right
always being wrong
People often overestimate the amount of dangerous crime in their country. This is probably because of:
excessive nervousness
the availability heuristic
confirmation bias
the framing effect
“The human understanding when it has once adopted an opinion (either as being the received opinion or as being agreeable to itself) draws all things else to support and agree with it. And though there be a greater number and weight of instances to be found on the other side, yet these it either neglects and despises, or else by some distinction sets aside and rejects; in order that by this great and pernicious predetermination the authority of its former conclusions may remain inviolate…”. Francis Bacon is here describing:
Confirmation Bias.
The Availability Heuristic.
The framing effect.
The Time-Saving Bias leads people to:
Overestimate the importance of saving time.
Mis-estimate the time that could be saved performing tasks more quickly.
Underestimate the importance of performing tasks more quickly.
Knowledge of the effects of confirmation bias should make us:
always seek testimonials from satisfied customers
believe that satisfied customers who gave testimonials were lying.
treat testimonials from satisfied customers carefully.
If a patient responds differently to the news that a particular treatment has a 50% success rate than they do to the news that that the treatment fails in 50% of cases, they are being influenced by:
the time-saving bias.
confirmation bias.
the framing effect.
the availability heuristic.
Research on the framing effect shows that when people have to choose between an option framed in terms of a gain and an option framed in terms of a loss, most people:
protest and say that the choice is unfair.
choose the option framed in terms of a loss.
are indecisive.
choose the option framed in terms of a gain.
