Font size
WorksheetsResearch Methods & Stats Quiz 1
Total questions: 49
Worksheet time: 26mins
Being an empiricist means basing one's conclusions on
systematic observations
written law
theories
research opinions
What format will we use to write papers/lab results in?
APA
MLA
MIA
ABA
When being a consumer, you need to
develop the ability to read research with curiosity and a critical eye
evaluate information correctly
interpret research data with a critical eye
consume mass amounts for a better sampling base
Evidence-based treatment is
therapies supported by research
therapies supported by social validity
therapies supported by public opinion
"Interrogating information" refers to knowing how to ask the right questions and evaluate a study on the basis of the answers. True or false?
True
False
You should always seek ______ evidence to test the efficacy of our ______.
empirical; interventions
researched; hypothesis
proven; subjects
The book gave the example of the "Scared Straight" program. What happened with the program?
It was ineffective and actually caused a 20% increase in crimes.
It was effective and caused a 20% decrease in crimes.
There wasn't enough data to support any hypothesis.
Scientists are empiricists, meaning they use
evidence based on the senses or from instruments that measure the senses as the basis for conclusions
scientific lab studies that are excluded to on mathematical studies
practicums and laboratory behavioral studies
What do scientists use the theory-data cycle for?
proving their hypothesis correct
collecting data to test, change, or update theories
peer-studying others experiments to become a more achieved scientist
creating theories that disprove creationists
What is the cupboard theory of attachment?
The mother is useful to the baby because she is a source of food
The mother is useful to the baby because she is a source of warmth and comfort
What is the contact comfort theory?
The mother is useful to the baby because she supplies food
The mother is useful because she provides warmth and comfort
Harry Harlow tested and supported what theory?
The contact comfort theory
The cupboard theory
What happened in the monkey test?
The baby monkey chose the cloth mother
The baby monkey chose the mother with milk
The baby monkey chose both mothers equally
A theory is
a set of statements- as simple as possible- relate to one another
a test used to deny or support a hypothesis
a set of observations
a pre-spoken choice that favors one side of a hypothesis over another
Is a single study sufficient to test the entire theory?
No
Yes
A set of observations.
Data
Hypothesis
Theory
Replication
When a scientist states publicly what they believe the outcome of the research will be, its referred to as
preregistered hypothesis
scientific opinion
stated bias
prestated bias
Studies prove theories. True or False?
True
False
The collection of studies, including replications, of the same theory.
Weight of evidence
Replication evidence
Falsifiability
What is a characteristic of a good theory?
It is falsifiable
It is proven
It has more than one researcher studying it
It has two steps
Universalism states
scientific claims are evaluated according to their merit, not the standing of the researcher
the universe and all the laws surrounding it have a determined place
scientists work to discover the truth, not swayed by politic, religion, or money
Scientific knowledge is created by a community and its findings belong to the community
communality
disinterestedness
organized skepticism
universalism
Scientists strive to discover the truth, whatever it is; they are not swayed by conviction, idealism, politics, or profit
disinterestedness
communality
universalism
organized skepticism
Organized skepticism is
scientists question everything, including their own theories, accepted ideas, and ancient wisdom
the universal idea to originally reject all theories until they are scientifically based
the group of peer-reviewed skeptics that edit proposed theories
Self-correcting science means that it discovers its own mistaken theories and corrects them. True or false?
True
False
Translational research is
a practical problem that is worked out in real-world situations
experiments done to enhance the basic knowledge bank
the use of lessons from basic research to develop and test applications
Scientific journals fall under the ______ norm
communality
universalism
organized skepticism
disinterestedness
What is the point of peer-reviewed articles?
to ensure that the article is important and well-done
to take precautions against proven theories
to create a new cycle of theory data
Journalism is a firsthand report about research that is written by journalists or laypeople. True or false?
True
False
What is the "Mozart Effect"?
A researcher found that when students listened to Mozart, they performed better.
Media misconstrued the results and published "Mozart Makes You Smart"
The effects were proven across multiple studies
The effects were not supported when repeated on different intelligence tests
What is the best form of evidence?
Experience
Authority
Intuition
Empirical research
There are many reasons not to base beliefs on experience, but the main reason is
experience is not always applicable to the stats
there is no control group to compare
it is impossible to tell if a person is lying about an experience
memory issues and faulty thinking
What is another reason experience is not the best way to base beliefs?
Even if a change occurs, we cannot be certain what caused it
We can only track two confounds at a time, so it makes testing difficult
There is no way to tell if a person is truthful about an experience
What is a confederate?
The losers of the Civil War. Take the L, scrub.
an actor playing a specific role for the experiment
a person who volunteered for human testing
a retired test subject in personal interviews that can be used as a scientific reference
When in the experiment to see if letting out all your anger on something physically reduced anger levels, called the catharsis theory, what happened?
Group 3- the one that let out their rage on a punching bag envisioned to be the test practitioner- DIDN'T calm down as they were supposed to
Group 3- the one that let out their rage on a punching bag envisioned to be the test practitioner- DID calm down as they were supposed to
Group 1- the group that sat quietly and reflected- calmed down the most
Research results are probabilistic, meaning that
its findings do not explain all cases, but the conclusions of the research are meant to cover a high proportion
there's a higher probability that the results from research are more reliable than first hand experience
the findings in research are not always going to follow a probable cause, and sometimes negate their own findings
Intuition is a flawed way of believing, because it
we accept conclusions because they make sense
the availability heuristic
the present/present bias
confirmation bias
bias blind spot
Things that pop up easily in our mind tend to guide our thinking.
availability heuristic
present/present bias
confirmation bias
blind spot bias
What causes us to overestimate events and the frequency in which they occur?
availability heuristic
present/present bias
confirmation bias
bias blind spot
We fail to look for absences and instead focus on when things are present.
present/present bias
availability heuristic
confirmation bias
blind spot bias
Blind spot bias means we believe that we are not likely to fall for the other biases. True or false?
True
False
What do empirical journal articles do?
Report, for the first time, the results of an empirical research study
Summarize and integrate all the published studies that have been done on the research area
Summarize and integrate all the published studies that have been done on the research area.
review journal articles
empirical journal articles
prestigious publication
effect sizing journalism
Combines the results of many studies and gives a number that summarizes the effect size of a relationship.
meta-analysis
quantitative analysis
qualitative analysis
studyproof analysis
What does a meta-analysis prevent?
oversaturation
cherry-picking particular studies
underrepresenting calculations
a subject's personal identifications
Chapters in edited books are peer-reviewed as rigorously as articles in scientific journals. True or false?
True
False
Knowing something based on superstition, habit, or belief that is resistant to change
intuition
tenacity
empirical study
authority
"a priori" means "what comes after the data". True or false?
True
False
Rationalism is
knowledge gained through reason, not empirical data
a stepping stone to empirical data testing
knowledge gained through stories, not empirical data
