deals with the direction and efficiencies of thermodynamic processes.

(a)  

carries some working substance through a cyclic process.

(a)  

absorbs energy by heat from a high-temperature energy reservoir.

(a)  

is expelled by heat to a lower-temperature reservoir.

(a)  

the network Weng done by a heat engine is equal to the net energy Q net transferred to it.

(a)  

is defined as the ratio of the work performed to the heat taken in

(a)  

is to process the energy from the hot reservoir so as to do useful work.

(a)  

Devices that perform this task are called (a)  

effectiveness of a heat pump is described in terms of a number called the (a)   (COP).

is defined as the ratio of the energy transferred to the hot reservoir to the work required to transfer that energy

(a)  

is similar to the thermal efficiency for a heat engine in that it is a ratio of what you gain (energy delivered to the interior of the building) to what you give (work input)

(a)  

It is impossible to construct a cyclical machine whose sole effect is to transfer energy continuously by heat from one object to another object at a higher temperature without the input of energy by work.

(a)  

It is impossible to construct a heat engine that, operating in a cycle, produces no effect other than the input of energy by heat from a reservoir and the performance of an equal amount of work.

(a)  

Thermal behavior of water

(a)  

original of heat

(a)  

no heat is transferred

(a)  

is the energy that means from hotter object to a colder object.

(a)  

the study of energy transformations involving heat, mechanical work, and other aspects of energy and how these transformations relate to the properties of matter.

(a)  

deals with the transfer of energy from one place to another and from one form to another.

(a)  

is a form of energy corresponding to a definite amount of mechanical work.

(a)  

thermodynamics comes from the Greek words “therme” & “dynamics”, which means (a)  

thermodynamics coined by the English Physicist _______ in ____.

(a)  

known as the “Father of Thermodynamics”.

(a)  

is rooted in qualitative ideas of “hot” and “cold” based on our sense of touch.

(a)  

can be defined as the degree of hotness or coldness of a certain substance with respect to some standard value.

(a)  

is "a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter, expressed in terms of units or degrees designated on a standard scale."

(a)  

are made with insulating materials to delay the ice and cold food inside from warming up and attaining thermal equilibrium with the hot summer air outside.

(a)  

is a material that permits no interaction at all between the two systems.

(a)  

It prevents the systems from attaining thermal equilibrium if they aren’t in thermal equilibrium at the start.

(a)  

the most commonly used temperature scale, which is based on the freezing and boiling points of water, assigning respective values of 0 degrees C and 100 degrees C.

(a)  

is also based on the freezing and boiling points of water which have assigned values of 32 F and 212 F, respectively.

(a)  

states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with some third body, then they are also in equilibrium with each other.

(a)  

This establishes temperature as a fundamental and measurable property of matter.

(a)  

states that the total increase in the energy of a system is equal to the increase in thermal energy plus the work done on the system.

(a)  

This states that heat is a form of energy and is therefore subject to the principle of conservation.

(a)  

states that heat energy cannot be transferred from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature without the addition of energy.

(a)  

states that the entropy of a pure crystal at absolute zero is zero.

(a)  

entropy is sometimes called " (a)   ,"

energy that is unable to do work, and since there is no heat energy whatsoever at absolute zero, there can be no waste energy. 

(a)  

If C is initially in thermal equilibrium with both A and B, then A and B are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.

(a)  

two systems are in thermal equilibrium if and only if they have the same temperature.

(a)  

is all the energy of a system that is associated with its microscopic components—atoms and molecules—when viewed from a reference frame at rest with respect to the center of mass of the system.

(a)  

is defined as the transfer of energy across the boundary of a system due to a temperature difference between the system and its surroundings.

(a)  

which is defined as the amount of energy transfer necessary to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C.

(a)  

The unit of energy in the U.S. customary system is the (a)   .

which is defined as the amount of energy transfer required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water from 63°F to 64°F.

(a)  

C of a particular sample of a substance is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of that sample by 1°C. (J/ °C).

(a)  

C of a substance is the heat capacity per unit mass. (J/kg - °C).

(a)  

no change in Temp Change in Phase of matter.

(a)  

the quantity L is called the (a)   (literally, the “hidden” heat) of the substance.

for a substance depends on the nature of the phase change, as well as on the properties of the substance.

(a)  

is the term used when the phase change is from solid to liquid.

(a)  

to fuse means “ (a)   ”

is the term used when the phase change is from liquid to gas (the liquid “vaporizes”).

(a)  

If the pressure and volume are known at each step of the process, the state of the gas at each step can be plotted on a graph.

(a)  

is a special case of the law of conservation of energy that encompasses changes in internal energy and energy transfer by heat and work.

(a)  

It is a law that can be applied to many processes and provides a connection between the microscopic and macroscopic worlds.

(a)  

is one during which no energy enters or leaves the system by heat—that is, Q= 0.

(a)  

A process that occurs at constant pressure. In such process, the values of the heat and the work are both usually nonzero.

(a)  

A process that takes place at constant volume. In such a process, the value of the work done is zero because the volume does not change.

(a)  

This expression specifies that if energy is added by heat to a system kept at constant volume, then all of the transferred energy remains in the system as an increase in its internal energy.

(a)  

A process that occurs at constant temperature. In an isothermal process involving an ideal gas.

(a)  

is characterized by a change in thermal energy without a change in temperature.

(a)  

The amount of heat energy that causes 1 kg of substance to undergo a phase change is called (a)   of that substance.