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WorksheetsPharm: Ticks & Parasites
Total questions: 56
Worksheet time: 33mins
When I say tick you say __
TET (tetracyclines)
idk
Which of the following are true regarding tetracyclines? (select all)
MOA: inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit
broad spectrum including gram + and -
used to treat tick bites
narrow spectrum
Tetracycline adverse effects include
tooth discoloration <8 years old
crosses placenta affecting fetal bones and teeth
photosensitivity
Tetracyclines have impaired absorption if co-administered with:
minerals
antacids
antihistamines
antidepressants
T/F: the most common tick-borne disease in the US is Lyme Disease
true!
false!
Lyme Disease is caused by which tick
ixodes tick (blacklegged deer tick)
dermacentor (american dog tick)
lone star tick
Lyme Disease pathogen:
Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete
Rickettsia rickettsia, bacteria
Enterobius vermicularis “thread worm”
Early symptoms of Lyme Disease include
rash (erythema migrans)
fever
headahce
fatigue
facial paralysis
Late symptoms of Lyme Disease include
facial paralysis & cognitive impairment (short term memory loss & somnolence)
neck stiffness & meningitis
arthritis & joint swelling
spreading rash (erythema migrans)
lyme carditis (palpitations, SOB, faiting)
Can pain, fatigue, and difficulty thinking last more than 6 months after treatment of Lyme Disease?
yes!
no!
Is there a proven treatment for post-treatment Lyme Disease?
no!
yes!
Lyme Disease DOC:
doxycycline
topical permethrin
nitromidazoles
When treating Lyme Disease in pregnancy and pediatrics, which 2 are your best options:
Amoxicillin
Cefuroxime
Penicillin (macrolides)
Treatments for Lyme Disease are:
oral, 14-21 days
oral 6-10 days
IV 14-21 days
oral 6-10 days
Which is the most SEVERE tick-borne illness in the US
Lyme Disease
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Alpha gal
Rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF) pathogen:
Rickettsia rickettsia, bacteria
Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete
Rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF) vector:
Dermacentor, aka American Dog Tick (Wood Tick)
Ixodes tick (blacklegged “deer” tick)
lone star tick
Pathogenesis: infects vascular endothelial cells --> damages cells --> blood leaks through holes in vessel wall --> results in RASH
Lyme Disease
RMSF
Scabies
Early symptoms of RMSF include:
fever
muscle pain
severe headahce
rash
petechia
Late symptoms of RMSF include:
maculopapular rash (95%) after 72 hours
petechia
Treatment of RMSF DOC:
Doxycycline
Topical Permethrin
Amoxicillin
Cefuroxime
T/F: When treating RMSF in pregnancy and pediatrics, you can use Doxycycline
yes!
no!
Lice treatment DOC:
Doxycycline
Topical Pyrethrins
Amoxicillin
Pyrethrins MOA:
block nerve transmission, causing paralysis and death
inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit
neuromuscular blocker leading to worm paralysis
For BODY lice, treat with:
PRESCRIPTION permethrin or oral ivermectin
OTC permethrin or oral ivermectin
Adverse effects of Pyrethrins
dermatitis
photosensitivity
hepatotoxicity
Scabies typically spares the _ and it usually worse during what part of the day:
head ; night
extremities ; night
head ; day
extremities ; night
Is scabies pruritic?
F yeah
nah
Scabies treatment DOC(s):
Topical permethrin
Oral permethrin
Doxycycline
Oral ivermectin
Oral ivermectin is a:
antihelmenitic
antiparasitic
antimicrobial
Ivermectin MOA:
block nerve transmission, causing paralysis and death
inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit
inhibits microtubule synthesis; decreases ATP leading to energy depletion, immobilization and worm death
Should ivermectin be used in pregnancy & children <15kg?
no!
yeah
Most common diseases associated with protozoal infections:
Dysentery
Malaria
Trichomoniasis
Rheumatic fever
Protozoans are single-cell organisms that infect the circulatory, GI and urogenital systems. They include:
Trichomonas Vaginalis
Trypanosoma Gambiense
Giardia Intestinalis
Leishmania Panamensis
Protozoal routes of entry include:
contaminated food
contaminated water
sexual intercourse
mosquitos
droplet
Which protozoa are frequently responsible for producing dysentery in humans
Girardia lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica
Which protozoa can cause additional GI damage because it invades the liver, creates and inflammatory reaction, and produces liver abscess
Enatmoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Which is true regarding Giardia lamblia?
most common cause of waterborne disease in humans in the U.S.
Transmitted fecal-oral route
highly contagious and often seen in day-care settings
killed by boiling
causes diarrhea, greasy stools, cramps, vomiting
Protozoal infection DOC:
Nitromidazoles
Doxycycline
Pyrethrins
Antidysenteric Drugs (Nitromidazoles) adverse effects include:
Disulfiram reaction (with alcohol)
nausea/vomiting
metallic taste
diarrhea
Scabies (mites) under the skin are caused by:
Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Rickettsia rickettsia
Pinworm pathogen:
Enterobius vermicularis “thread worm”
Taenia
T/F: Pinworm can be identified using the tape test
true!
false!
Who is at highest risk for pinworm infections?
school-aged children
preschool-aged children
household members
Mode of transmission for pinworms
fecal-oral
contaminated food
contaminated water
mosquitos
Pinworm treatment DOC:
Albendazole
Pyrantel pamoate
Albendazole MOA:
inhibits microtubule synthesis; decreases ATP leading to energy depletion, immobilization and worm death
neuromuscular blocker leading to worm paralysis
inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit
Pyrantel pamoate MOA:
inhibits microtubule synthesis; decreases ATP leading to energy depletion, immobilization and worm death
neuromuscular blocker leading to worm paralysis
inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit
Tapeworm pathogen:
Taenia
Enterobius vermicularis “thread worm”
Tapeworm symptoms include:
usually none
maybe GI discomfort
passing of tapeworm segments in stool
Which contributes to the risk of acquiring a tapeworm infection?
eating undercooked beef and pork
eating raw vegetables
drinking contaminated water
Is tapeworm spread through a fecal-oral route?
yes!
and pinworm
no!
Tapeworm treatment DOC:
Praziquantel
Pyrethrins
Doxycycline
Amoxicillin
Praziquantel MOA:
causes strong contractions and paralysis of worm musculature à detachment of suckers from the blood vessel walls and to dislodgement
inhibits microtubule synthesis; decreases ATP leading to energy depletion, immobilization and worm death
neuromuscular blocker leading to worm paralysis
Are antihelmintic drugs generally tolerated well?
yes
no
Adverse effects of antihelmintic drugs include:
nausea
fever
headache
cramp & diarrhea
