These are classified as (a)   because they are anionic dyes that have negatively charged groups. It contains carboxyl and phenolics that bind to the positively charged cell structure.

First dye in gram staining

(a)  

Used to stain Cryptococcus neoformans

(a)  

Decolorizing agent of gram staining

(a)  

These are commonly used in clinical bacteriology; cationic dyes with positively charged groups; pentavalent nitrogen; nucleic acids and proteins.

(a)  

This type of stain produces light-colored bodies against a dark background.

(a)  

In (a)   , capsules appear as faint blue halos around purple-colored organisms.

What is the mordant used in gram staining?

(a)  

It uses 10% nigrossin and carbol fuchsin, which gives spores a red color while others are gray.

(a)  

Stains are (a)   solutions that are essential in the microscopic identification and characterization of microorganisms.

It increases the binding of primary stain to the cell wall.

(a)  

Gram staining should be used in (a)   culture.

The second dye used for gram staining

(a)  

The first step in microbial identification is to determine the properties of the (a)   .

Enumerate the purposes of staining:

(a)  

Enumerate the examples of basic dyes:

(a)  

Enumerate the examples of acid dyes:

(a)  

What is the inoculum size of simple dye?

(a)  

Enumerate different kinds of special stains:

(a)  

Another term for India ink.

(a)  

What is the resulting color of gram (+) organisms in gram staining?

(a)  

What is the resulting color of gram (-) organisms in gram staining?

(a)  

The stain used in polar bodies

(a)  

Enumerate the special stains of flagellar stains.

(a)  

It is done to artificially color the microorganisms.

(a)  

A type of stain that uses only one particular dye.

(a)  

What are the two theories of gram staining?

(a)  

In Bennian theory, gram-positive (+) bacteria are _____ to _____.

(a)  

In Bennian theory, gram-negative (-) bacteria are _____ to _____.

(a)  

Stearn and Stearn Theory: Gram-positive has a (a)   .

Stearn and Stearn Theory: Gram-negative has a (a)   .

Bacteria with (a)   contain teichoic acid.

Bacteria with thinner cell walls contain (a)   .

Bacteria containing teichoic acid (a)   the crystal violet iodine complex.

It is a bacteria that do not retain the primary dye iodine complex.

(a)  

What will happen to the organism if crystal violet is rinsed vigorously before applying iodine?

(a)  

What will happen to the stain of bacteria if you prolong the decolorization?

(a)  

Insufficient decolorization can cause (a)   .

If (a)   is applied for more than a minute, the gram-positive (+) complex will be washed off from previously stained cells.

Unstained gram-negative bacteria and background materials are due to?

(a)  

There are (a)   general rules in gram staining.

All are gram-positive cocci, except _____, _____, and _____ (_____).

(a)  

Gordonia, Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, and Listeria are examples of gram (a)   .

Higher forms of organisms like _____, _____, yeast, and molds are gram _____.

(a)  

All spiral organisms are reported as gram (a)   .

Since mycoplasma and ureaplasma are both wall-less, therefore they are considered as (a)   .

Why are spirochetes considered not gram-stained?

(a)  

All are gram-negative bacilli except:

(a)  

Quality control in gram staining gram-positive:

(a)  

Quality control in gram staining gram-negative:

(a)  

Why does gram-positive become gram-negative?

(a)  

Why does gram-negative become gram-positive?

(a)  

It differentiates aerobic gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative.

(a)  

What is the substrate used in gram sure?

(a)  

How many mL of demineralized water is needed in gram-sure?

(a)  

What is the positive result under long-wave UV light of aerobic gram-negative bacteria?

(a)  

Blue fluorescence is the positive result of:

(a)  

It is the absence of fluorescence, or colorless in gram-sure.

(a)  

It is used to distinguish acid-fast from non-acid-fast organisms.

(a)  

What is the technique used for bacteria with high lipid content on the cell wall?

(a)  

Acid-fast stain utilizes (a)   as a primary stain.

What is/are the secondary stain used in acid-fast stain?

(a)  

These are the organisms that are very hard to stain, but once stained, they are difficult to decolorize.

(a)  

What causes AFO to be difficult to stain?

(a)  

All bacteria are non-acid-fast except:

(a)  

An organism that is not from the mycobacteria group but is slightly acid-fast.

(a)  

AFO is very hard to stain due to the presence of (a)   called mycolic acid.

What are the four (4) ways of facilitating acid-fast staining?

(a)  

What are the two (2) specific reagents that are used to temporarily remove acid-fast?

(a)  

Phenol acts as:

(a)  

A wetting agent is used for the cold method in acid-fast staining.

(a)  

Positive quality control for acid-fast staining:

(a)  

Partially positive quality control for acid-fast staining:

(a)  

Negative quality control for acid-fast staining:

(a)  

It renders cells for decolorization.

(a)  

Acid fastness is influenced by (a)   .

What does the decolorizer of hot and cold methods of acid-fast staining consist of?

(a)  

What is the resulting color of the oocyst in modified Kinyouns?

(a)  

What is the decolorizer used in fluorochrome?

(a)  

What is the best method for DSSM?

(a)  

It is the stain used for DNA or nucleoids.

(a)  

It is the special stain used for fungi and they are all gram (+).

(a)  

It is also referred to as the “cold method”.

(a)  

What is the other term for the Ziehl Neelsen method?

(a)  

How much percent does H2SO4 have in modified kinyouns?

(a)  

What is the primary dye used for fluorochrome?

(a)  

Enumerate the special stains for bacteria:

(a)  

What method is ideal for the concentrated smearing and staining of partially fast bacilli like Nocardia spp.?

(a)  

What is the best stain for AFO in tissues?

(a)  

What method is ideal for the detection of Leptospira and Cyclospora tire in stool examination?

(a)  

Pappenheim’s differentiates _____ (___) from ______ (____)

(a)  

Baumgartens differentiates ______ (____) from ______ (____)

(a)  

What is the counterstain used in Fite Faraco?

(a)  

Used to diagnose Whipple disease with foam cells

(a)  

Warthin-Starry Stain is a special stain for what species?

(a)  

It is a modified gram’s stain for bacteria in the tissue section.

(a)  

What is the result of AFO in the hot method?

(a)  

What is the result of NAF in the cold method?

(a)  

What is the mordant used in fluorochrome?

(a)  

What is used in preserving the sample of Cryptosporidium spp in modified kinyouns?

(a)  

PAS =

(a)  

Quality control of Cryptosporidium spp in modified kinyoun’s?

(a)  

Another term for modified kinyoun’s

(a)  

The stain used for helicobacter pylori and legionella stained poorly.

(a)  

it is the hematologic stain for Borrelia spp.

(a)  

Calcofluor white binds specifically to _____ / ______

(a)  

Metachromatic granules are stained black

(a)  

Capsule is stained light blue

(a)  

Bacteria is colored blue and the capsule is colored pink

(a)  

Modified gram’s technique for granules

(a)  

Stain/s that causes green stain in endospores

(a)  

Capsule is stained light violet

(a)  

Stain/s for rickettsia that causes it to be color blue

(a)  

Bipolar bodies are stained red

(a)  

Spores are stained red

(a)  

Giemsa stain for Chlamydia produces what color

(a)  

Capsule is stained brown

(a)  

Capsule is unstained, the background is purple

(a)  

Capsule stain is pale violet

(a)  

Stain/s that causes metachromatic granules to be colored dark blue

(a)  

Bacteria is stained but the capsule is not with their margin delineated by ink

(a)  

Metachromatic granules are stained are reddish brown

(a)  

Capsule is unstained, the background is blue

(a)  

spirochetes are black

(a)  

Stain that causes inclusion bodies in Chlamydia to be stained red

(a)  

Machiavello produces (a)   colored rickettsia

spirochetes are unstained; black background

(a)  

Capsule is unstained, the background is black

(a)  

spirochetes are dark brown or black

(a)  

This differentiates Mycobacterium tuberculosis (blue/negative) from Mycobacterium leprae (red/positive)

(a)  

Color of the positive result for Ziehl Neelsen and Kinyoun’s method

(a)  

What does the decolorizer of hot and cold methods of acid-fast staining consist of?

(a)  

What is the resulting color of the oocyst in modified Kinyouns?

(a)  

What is the decolorizer used in fluorochrome?

(a)  

What is the best method for DSSM?

(a)  

It is the stain used for DNA or nucleoids.

(a)  

It is the special stain used for fungi and they are all gram (+).

(a)  

It is also referred to as the “cold method”.

(a)  

What is the other term for the Ziehl Neelsen method?

(a)  

How much percent does H2SO4 have in modified kinyouns?

(a)  

What is the primary dye used for fluorochrome?

(a)  

Enumerate the special stains for bacteria:

(a)  

What method is ideal for the concentrated smearing and staining of partially fast bacilli like Nocardia spp.?

(a)  

What is the best stain for AFO in tissues?

(a)  

What method is ideal for the detection of Leptospira and Cyclospora tire in stool examination?

(a)  

The stain used for Schaeffer Fulton.

(a)  

Neisser staining technique is used for staining (a)  

This stain detects chlamydia and pleomorphic bacilli such as bordetella and legionella; it is utilized in parasitic and virology staining.

(a)  

Define FITC.

(a)  

The main disadvantage of fluorescent staining is it (a)   category in gram-positive and gram-negative

Main advantage for fluorescent staining: has high affinity to (a)  

Dorner staining technique is used for what bacterial structure?

(a)  

Congo red is used in what type of staining technique?

(a)  

Anthony, Hiss, and Gin are used for staining what part of the cell?

(a)  

(a)   stains the cell wall of the mycobacteria across species, especially the mycolic acid.

Malachite green and toluidine blue are used to stain (a)   of the bacteria.

It involves the use of a fluorescent dye and a specific antibody reagent to identify microorganisms.

(a)  

The positive result in fluorescent staining is (a)  

Nigrossoin is used to stain (a)  

This special stain differentiates Mycobacterium tuberculosis (red/positive) from Mycobacterium smegmatis (blue negative).

(a)  

It is more sensitive in determining bacterial microscopy; also enhances the microscopic property of an organism and provides a greater contrasting factor = 10^4 mL of specimen.

(a)  

Feulgen uses (a)   stain.

DNA structure is stained by which staining technique?

(a)  

This staining technique uses ammoniacal silver nitrate and tannic acid for staining spirochetes.

(a)  

It is a non-specific dye that binds to the nucleic acid component of every host cell and microorganism.

(a)  

Wadefite technique/ Fite Faraco technique uses (a)   as a secondary stain or counterstain against Mycobacterium leprae.

Nigrossin uses the stain (a)  

Schaeffer Fulton is for staining (a)  

The positive result of Auramine-Rhodamine:

(a)  

Fluorescent staining uses a special dye called (a)   to visualize the bacterial cells through a fluorescent microscope.

Gray is used to staining the (a)   of the cell wall.

The positive result in FITC produces what color?

(a)  

(a)   is the mordant for the Gray staining technique.

Special stain used for cell wall

(a)  

Stains used for Neisser

(a)  

The color produced in Dienes' stain

(a)  

Dienes stain is used for what species?

(a)  

Levaditi is used to stain (a)   of the cell.

Leifsol is used to stain what part of the cell?

(a)  

Levaditi uses (a)   as its stain.

DNA Probe Mediated Staining helps identify which pathogens? (give at least 4)

(a)  

The stain used for Leifson

(a)