Which of these functions is/are not carried out by blood tissue?

1. Secretion

2. Homeostasis 

3. Protection

4. Excretion

Which of the following statements is true regarding primary services by Hematology and Hemostasis laboratory?

1. Measurement of RBC indices

2. Detection of the presence of COVID-19 antigen

3. Cellular identification of leukemic cells

4. Measurement of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Read carefully the statements below:

1. Athanasius Kircher, a Jesuit priest and scientist from Germany, examined blood from plague victims, and described "worms" of plague.

2.  Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1674 gave an account of erythrocytes.

Read carefully the statements below:

1. The human blood is slightly viscous, with a pH range of 7.15-7.45.

2. The blood viscosity is influenced by plasma proteins, formed elements and hormones.

Patient XYZ has a condition called meningitis. It means that the patient has:

Based on cell granularity, which of these cells does NOT belong to the group?

Which among the cells in the blood functions for blood coagulation?

1. white blood cells

2. erythrocytes

3. thrombocytes

4. platelets

Read the statements below:

1. Plasma cells, which originated from T- lymphocytes, serve as important cellular factories for the antibody production and secretion.

2. Leukocytes constitute less than 0.5% of whole blood, wherein 3-8% are lymphocytes.

Which of the following depicts the normal reference range of leukocytes in blood per microliter (uL)?

Which formed elements has/have NOTHING to do with the respiration function of blood?

1. erythrocyte

2. thrombocyte

3. leukocyte

4. red blood cell

Which of these statements is/are CORRECT?

1. Variation in the size and shape of the red blood cells is termed as anisopoikilocytosis.

2. A condition where bone marrow produces excessive red blood cells may exemplify aplasia.

3. Lymphoblast and erythrocyte both represent mature blood cells.

4. Schistocytes are characterized by fragmented erythrocytes. 

Approximately 7% of the plasma is composed of proteins. Which of these are considered major groups of plasma proteins?

1. Hormones

2. Globulin

3. Fibrinogen

4. Albumin

Among these cells, which of these represents the most immature form?

In decreasing percentage (from left to right), which of the following is the correct order for differential WBC count in normal adult patients?

What anticoagulant must NOT be used in hematology due to interference with Wright stain?

Which of the following statements about the order of draw is INCORRECT?

A tourniquet that is left tied on the arm for longer than 60 seconds may cause _____.

How does SPS in  yellow top tube aid in  the recovery of microorganisms?

Which of these statements regarding blood collection is/are TRUE?

1. A medical technologist on duty may collect blood from fistulas if no other vein is visible.

2. Edematous sites should be avoided for venipuncture since specimens may become contaminated with tissue fluid.

3. Venipuncture is made by anchoring the vein with the thumb 1 to 2 inches above the site.

4. During venipuncture, the needle is inserted with bevel facing upward.

The green top tube is indicated for the following tests:

 I.  carboxyhemoglobin

II. ammonia level

III.  chromosome screening

IV.  serological test

How many times should you invert a citrate tube for adequate mixing?

At which of the following sites can venipuncture be performed without potentially affecting test results?

Read carefully the statements below:

1. Pre-labeling is allowable when there are a lot of patients waiting for blood extraction.

2. During capillary puncture in infants and children, all drops of blood must be collected to ensure an adequate quantity of blood for testing.

What is the recommended order of draw when the evacuated tube system is to be utilized?

The phlebotomist had to gently redirect the vein several times before hitting the vein. This may cause erroneous results due to the presence of?

A pale yellow top tube contains Acid-Citrate Dextrose (ACD) as an additive. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of ACD?

All of the following additives prevents clotting by chelating calcium, except with?

Which of these is an/are acceptable site/s for skin puncture on infants?

All of the following ensure proper identification of a patient, except?

Failure to obtain blood by venipuncture may likely result from all of the following EXCEPT:

When performing venipuncture on a patient with small, fragile veins, the best solution is to use a:

 Which of these sites is most preferable if venous blood should be drawn from a patient with both arms hooked up in IV lines ?

When performing filter paper collection for newborn screening, the phlebotomist should NOT?

Which government agency is responsible for laws governing the use of gloves when carrying out venipuncture?

Which veins should NOT be used for venipuncture?

It is the critical first step in blood collection:

Read these statements carefully:

1. It is imperative to fill tubes for coagulation testing to full volume, maintaining a 9:1 ratio of anticoagulant to blood.

2. Overfilling coagulation tubes with blood sample results in prolonged coagulation test values.

Read carefully the statements below:

1. Standard precautions must only be observed among patients with active infections and or immunocompromised.

2. When doing a finger stick on an adult, it is most appropriate to use the thumb.

This blood collection method allows multiple samples to be drawn by inserting each additional tube as soon as the tube attached to the needle holder has filled:

A 65-year-old female, who is living alone sought medical consult with chief complaints of shortness of breath and weakness.  Oftentimes, patient's diet was tea and toast. Physical examination was unremarkable except for pale palpebral conjunctiva and pale palmar creases. Peripheral blood examination showed hematologic finding of megaloblastic anemia, while further studies indicated vitamin deficiency. Which of these do/does NOT describe the hematopoietic process of this patient?

I. There is synchronous hematopoiesis

II. Delay in Nucleus maturation is expected

III. Asynchronous Hematopoiesis is considered physiologic 

IV.  Vitamin B12 and Folate is needed for DNA synthesis 

Which of the following organs is/are involved in the hematopoiesis during 4th -5th months age of gestation?

1. Organ involved in detoxification of drugs and production of plasma proteins

2. Organ that undergoes physiologic atrophy during adulthood

3. Organ that contains T cells & B cells and also removes RBCs

Which of the following pairs is/are INCORRECTLY matched?

1. Mesoblastic: Yolk Sac

2. Hepatic: AGM

3. Medullary: Yellow Bone Marrow

4. Myeloid: Red Bone Marrow 

Which of these is/are NOT considered stromal component/s of the hematopoietic microenvironment?

Which of these types of stem cells gives rise to the embryonic and extra-embryonic tissue?

Read the statements carefully:

1. The erythrocytes in sickle cell anemia become sickle in shape once deoxygenated.

2. Autosplenectomy causes immunodeficiency because the red pulp, which is the site of antibody production, is damaged.

Read the statements carefully:

1. In adults, the type of hematopoiesis that occurs is the medullary hematopoiesis.

2. The extreme invasion of malignant cancer cells in the bone marrow may opt or influence the hematopoietic stem cells to go out of the bone marrow and proceed to other organs, like liver and spleen, to do myeloid hematopoiesis.

Which of type of hemoglobin is detected at 4 wks age of gestation?

Definitive hematopoiesis happens in which of the following organs? 

This splenic activity refers to the removal of inclusion bodies, nucleus, and malformed parts of the erythrocyte.

In decreasing number of percentage (from left to right), which of the following is the correct order for hemoglobins in a 38-year old female live-selling miner?

Which of the following is most sensitive to EPO?

Our current understanding of hematopoiesis includes which of the following stem cell theories?

Which of the following suppresses hematopoiesis?

Which of these do/does NOT describe extramedullary hematopoiesis?

1.  Pathologic if it occurs in utero

2. Persists in minimal amounts until 2 weeks post-natal

3. Normally occurs in a 45 year old man

4. Occurs in liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus

Extramedullary hematopoiesis may happen in all of the following organs, EXCEPT:

These cells in the bone marrow hematopoietic environment that regulate the entry and release of substances or cells in the hematopoietic cords are the same cells that line the blood vessels. 

Read these statements carefully:

1. The germinal center of the lymph nodes play a role in hematopoiesis by providing the site for B cell proliferation and maturation.

2. The lymph nodes contain macrophages that phagocytize the debris and pathogens it filtered from the blood.   Only statement 2 is correct.

Read these statements carefully:

1. In adults, the type of hematopoiesis that occurs is the medullary hematopoiesis.

2. The extreme invasion of malignant cancer cells in the bone marrow may opt or influence the hematopoietic stem cells to go out of the bone marrow and proceed to other organs, like liver and spleen, to do myeloid hematopoiesis.

Which of these statements correctly describe/s the processes in the liver?

1. Stellate/Ito cells store vitamin A

2. Site of erythrophagocytosis by macrophages

3. Conjugation of bilirubin to make it more water-soluble

4. Primary site for hematopoiesis in a 35 year old man

Why is there pancytopenia in hypersplenism? 

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

1. During infancy and early childhood, all the bones in the body contain primarily yellow marrow

2. The amounts of red and yellow marrow is approximately equal in adults

3. Red marrow is hematopoietically active

4. The process of replacing red marrow by yellow marrow is called retrogression

Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

1. CFU-E, when under the influence of growth factors and cytokines, may develop into BFU-E colonies

2. The earliest identifiable colony of RBCs is the CFU-E

3. BFU-E has many receptors for EPO, and their cell cycle activity is influenced significantly by the presence of EPO

4. CFU-E has many receptors for EPO and has an absolute requirement for EPO

Natural killer cells arise from which of the following?

A 63-year-old, male, former chemist, consulted his physician due to weakness for the past few weeks. Physical examination noted pale palpebral conjunctiva. CBC revealed anemia and leukocytosis. Blood Smear showed abnormally immature WBCs. Patient was requested for Bone marrow biopsy and aspirate. Which of the following is the most appropriate collection site for this patient?

Unconjugated bilirubin is synthesized by:

Cells responsible for secreting immunoglobulins in the blood.

Hematopoiesis happens extravascularly and intra-embryonically during what hematopoetic period/s?   Hepatic period

Mature cells are morphologically characterized by which of the following?

The Hexose Monophosphate Pathway:

The following could alter the hemoglobin viscosity and lead to shortened red cell survival, EXCEPT:   Hb C

This is responsible for the negative charge of the red cell surface membrane:

The following are responsible for lateral interactions in the red cell membrane, EXCEPT:  Tropomyosin

When oxygen tension in the cell decreases,  various steps are undertaken as compensatory mechanism of the body to hypoxia. Arrange the sequence of cellular or molecular events that are possibly taking place during hypoxic condition:  

 1. transcription of EPO messenger RNA molecules

2. synthesis of more EPO

3. translocation of HIF into the nucleus

4. assembly and activation of HIF in the cytoplasm       

Which of these cellular activities does NOT transpire in orthochromatic normoblast stage of the erythrocyte maturation series?

The binding of EPO ligand to its receptor on erythrocyte progenitors initiates a cascade of intracellular events that ultimately leads to  all of the following outcomes EXCEPT:

Which of these is responsible for the bluish tinge in the cytoplasm of polychromatic erythrocyte ? 

Not all differentiating erythroid cells are sensitive to EPO, since, the EPO-R is only expressed from the BFU-E to the basophilic erythroblast stages.

The binding of EPO to its receptor on the erythroblast's surface leads to the activation of the Janus Kinases 2-STAT signaling cascade.  In response to EPO signaling,  which of the following proteins are decreased thereby leading to programmed cell death?

During extravascular hemolysis, one component of the heme called protoporphyrin is immediately broken down into:

While hemoglobin clearance occurs within the macrophages in extravascular hemolysis, the circulating free hemoglobin is bound to haptoglobin and cleared by the liver in intravascular hemolysis.

Which of these does NOT characterize an intravascular hemolysis?

As the cell matures, the nuclear size will become

The primary oxygen-sensing system of the body is located in the:

The earliest morphologically recognizable erythrocyte precursor derived via the BFU-E and CFU-E from the pluripotential stem cells:

The following molecules are correctly paired with their  functions EXCEPT:

Not all differentiating erythroid cells are sensitive to EPO, since, the EPO-R is only expressed from the BFU-E to the basophilic erythroblast stages.

Read statements carefully:

1. Since spherical erythrocytes are biconcave, they can easily squeeze through the narrow spaces and escape the splenic sieve.

2. If EPO levels decreases secondary to hypoxia, a larger population of EPO-sensitive cells is able to respond.

Which of the given normoblastic cell series below exhibits the lowest N:C ratio?

Read statements below:

1. Where sodium goes, water follows, thereby causing osmotic lysis since intracellular sodium has already been diluted.

2. Transmembrane proteins both provide vertical and diagonal support to erythrocytes thus avoiding spherocytosis.

Read statements carefully:

1. The exchange of sodium, glucose and ions are facilitated by transmembrane proteins.

2. Lack of structural rigidity will make the red cell not function optimally. 

Read these statements carefully: 

1. Reduction of glutathione is essential in preventing protein polymerization.

2. Such a process is dependent on ATP.

Hemolytic transfusion reaction as a result of blood transfusion complication would most LIKELY result to which of the following?

Read these statements carefully:

1. Erythrocytes can hardly squeeze through tight vessels due to their deformability property.

2. Such a property make them prone to hemolysis while passing through tight splenic sinuses.  Only statement 2 is correct.