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WorksheetsSummarizing
Total questions: 76
Worksheet time: 5hrs 45mins
What is the best summary of the following passage?
The Elk River flows from the far northern part of the state all the way to the southern tip. All kinds of animals rely on it for drinking water, people eat the fish they catch in it, and farmers in the state depend on it for irrigating their crops. Since there is very little rain in this state, the Elk River gives animals and humans the water they need to stay alive. Even though the river is not nearly the biggest in the nation, it is very important to the people and animals that live near it.
The Elk River is a small river.
The Elk River starts in the northern part of the state.
The Elk River is very important to people and animals.
People catch fish in the Elk River.
For the walls, Jenny thought she would use a bright yellow paint. She would pick a border that had mostly bright red and green colors, and maybe a little bit of blue. She already had found some curtains that were sky blue with streaks of red, blue and yellow that she thought would go great with the walls. And finally, she had picked a carpet that was mostly blue with specks of red and yellow. Jenny couldn't wait till she was done decorating her room. It was really going to look awesome.
The Summary of this passage is:
Jenny likes bright colors.
Jenny was going to paint her room.
Jenny was picking out colors and materials to decorate her room.
Yellow is a good color to paint your walls.
Read the passage below and choose the best paraphrase/summary:
The storm that blew through Wichita, Kansas, last night dropped buckets of rain before turning more severe. Between 9 PM and 1 AM, Wichita Airport reported six inches of rain. Reports from residents in surrounding counties recorded the rainfall up as high as eight inches in the same time period. Reports of tornados were not correct. However, very strong winds were experienced all over the area.
Around 11 PM, some residents on the western edge of the city reported large hail. The hail was originally reported to be the size of dimes or nickels. Within an hour, reports were received describing hail the size of golf balls or tennis balls. Millions of dollars in damage are expected to be announced. This includes hundreds of thousands of dollars in losses at several local car dealerships.
The severe storm last night in Wichita, Kansas, brought hail that caused millions of dollars in damage and reports of tornadoes that were not correct.
Last night's severe storm caused millions of dollars in damage including hundreds of thousands of dollars in damage at local car dealerships.
The severe storm that struck Wichita, Kansas, last night dropped between six and eight inches of rain and caused millions of dollars in damage.
A severe storm in Wichita, Kansas, last night brought strong wind, rain, and hail that caused millions of dollars in damage.
In summarizing, identify the main idea of the text you are planning to summarize.
True
False
In summarizing, ensure a smooth flow of ideas through the use of ______ devices.
transitional
punctuations
content
adjectival
Summaries are shorter than the original, but must include certain ideas.
TRUE
FALSE
We use summarizing to ________.
Retell a story
Reduce information to essential ideas.
Get through an article more quickly
When summarizing, we want to _______ unimportant information.
summarize
highlight
disregard
appreciate
The main idea is ______.
all the information provided
the most important information
additional supporting details
the example of the topic
Proper etiquette indicates that a thank you note should be sent immediately after the interview. Acknowledge the interviewer’s time and the information you gained about the company during the interview, and express your interest in working with the company. Even if you have concluded that the job or corporation is not a good match for you or your skills, send the thank you. Your graciousness will be remembered (Casperson, 1999, p. 126).
Applicants who send thank-you notes after interviews always get the job.
Proper etiquette is more important than job skills when getting a job.
Only send a thank-you note if you think you are going to get the job.
Always send a thank-you note after a job interview.
A growing number of individuals from corporate offices to coffee shops are finding romance in the workplace. Today’s emphasis on teamwork and longer work hours make the work environment an opportunity for personal relationships. Today’s busy, almost frantic, and often stressful lifestyle does not allow much free time for meeting interesting people outside the office. With a huge portion of our lives devoted to business meetings and associated activities, the likelihood of meeting someone we might wish to date is highly possible (Casperson, 1999, 147).
The workplace is a good place to find romance.
The workplace is not a good place to find romance.
Romance at the workplace occurs more often.
You can be fired for having a romance at the workplace.
For young children, losing privileges for short amounts of time can be very effective. One way for this to happen is by using what is called "Time-Out." Time-Out means time away from all those fun things in a child's life. It is a way of disciplining your child without raising your hand or your voice. Basically, Time-Out involves having your child sit in one place for a certain amount of time. You can easily see that most kids wouldn't like Time-Out because they would rather be doing fun things (Burke & Herron, 1996, p. 40).
Time-Out is not an effective way of disciplining children.
Time-Out is an effective way of disciplining children.
Spanking is the least effective way of disciplining children.
Time-Out means sitting in one place for a certain amount of time.
People act the way they are dressed. Those wearing beach clothes often put their feet on the desk, slouch in their chair, and look lazy. Those who look professional and businesslike work better and are better received by their colleagues (Casperson, 1999, p. 33).
People who wear heavy clothes to work are lazy.
Dressing nice will not help you get a better job.
People act the way they are dressed.
Men must always wear ties to work.
How can you avoid plagiarism?
A. Cite all of your sources.
B. Copy and paste others’ work.
C. Select an appropriate topic.
D. Have a peer revise your paper.
Which of the following is included in a summary?
A. key points
B. personal opinions
C. background information
D. minor examples
Read the excerpt below.
Which sentence best restates the ideas?
"Although television was not widely used in American homes until the 1950's, small, experimental television images were broadcast in the 1920's."
Television was not widely used in American homes until the 1950's.
Television became popular in the 1950's, but the first televisions were used thirty years earlier.
Television became popular in the 1920's, and again in the 1950's.
Read the passage below and choose the best paraphrase/summary:
Thanks to the efforts of volunteers, people in Sauri, Kenya, have much better lives today than in years past. Their hospital now has a generator and running water, and it provides free medications for diseases that are widespread in the community. Cases of malaria have declined as people have been given mosquito nets for beds.
Their hospital now has a generator and running water, and it provides free medications for diseases that are widespread in the community.
Cases of malaria have declined as people have been given mosquito nets for beds.
Thanks to the efforts of volunteers, people in Sauri, Kenya, have much better lives today than in years past. Their hospital now has a generator and running water, and it provides free medications for diseases that are widespread in the community.
Life in Sauri has recently improved.The hospital offers electricity and plumbing, and Free medicine and mosquito nets help prevent common diseases and malaria.
Read the passage below and choose the best paraphrase/summary:
The storm that blew through Wichita, Kansas, last night dropped buckets of rain before turning more severe. Between 9 PM and 1 AM, Wichita Airport reported six inches of rain. Reports from residents in surrounding counties recorded the rainfall up as high as eight inches in the same time period. Reports of tornados were not correct. However, very strong winds were experienced all over the area.
Around 11 PM, some residents on the western edge of the city reported large hail. The hail was originally reported to be the size of dimes or nickels. Within an hour, reports were received describing hail the size of golf balls or tennis balls. Millions of dollars in damage are expected to be announced. This includes hundreds of thousands of dollars in losses at several local car dealerships.
The severe storm last night in Wichita, Kansas, brought hail that caused millions of dollars in damage and reports of tornadoes that were not correct.
Last night's severe storm caused millions of dollars in damage including hundreds of thousands of dollars in damage at local car dealerships.
The severe storm that struck Wichita, Kansas, last night dropped between six and eight inches of rain and caused millions of dollars in damage.
A severe storm in Wichita, Kansas, last night brought strong wind, rain, and hail that caused millions of dollars in damage.
Read the passage below and choose the best paraphrase/summary:
Bathing has been a part of religious ceremonies for thousands of years. However, bathing has not always been a common practice in the United States. Some early-19th century Americans believed that taking a bath was bad for their health. At the same time, other people were beginning to learn about the benefits of bathing. As they learned that bathing could help prevent the spread of disease, they demanded more clean water. Cities across the country heard this demand and began building water and sewer systems. Cities made water and sewer services available to the people who could pay for them. Because of this, most water and sewer lines were located in wealthy neighborhoods. By the middle of the century, many wealthy people had indoor plumbing. It would be many years before indoor plumbing was made available to people in poorer neighborhoods.
Bathing has been a part of religious ceremonies for thousands of years. People started to demand more clean water after they began learning about the benefits of bathing during the 19th century. Water and sewer lines were built in American cities.
There was a time when people did not bathe regularly. People did not know that bathing could prevent diseases from spreading. Then, people started to demand clean water. Cities had to build water and sewer systems in the richest neighborhoods first.
Bathing has not always been a common practice in the United States. In the 19th century, people found out that bathing helps prevent the spread of disease. Cities built water and sewer systems. Wealthy people had better access to indoor plumbing.
About two hundred years ago, people used to think that bathing was bad for their health. Cities across the country started to build water and sewer systems to prevent the spread of disease. It was many years before poorer neighborhoods got plumbing.
Read the passage below and choose the best paraphrase/summary:
Many places will have record levels of pollen this spring. This is just one reason Americans are expected to spend $4.7 billion this year on prescription allergy medicines. The top three medications are Claritin, Allegra, and Zyrtec. A new study finds that almost two-thirds of those people who take these drugs do not need them.
"It is very obvious to anyone in the allergy field that many patients are being misdiagnosed," said Dr. Beth Corn. Corn is an allergist at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York.
Americans are expected to spend billions of dollars on allergy medication. Many of these people taking the medicine do not actually need it.
Dr. Beth Corn is an allergist in New York. She works at Mount Sinai Medical Center. She often gives her patients Zyrtec, Allegra, and Claritin.
Americans could spend well over $4 billion this year on different allergy medications. Zyrtec, Claritin, and Allegra are three kinds of medication.
Record amounts of pollen aggravate the allergies of people each year. Some people take Claritin, while others take Allegra to ease their allergies.
Read the passage below and choose the best paraphrase/summary:
Jet lag is a problem suffered by many flight attendants, pilots, and frequent flyers. When people travel rapidly across numerous time zones, as they do when flying long distances, they sometimes develop a condition called jet lag. These long trips disturb normal body rhythms. After a trip, travelers may have trouble falling asleep at night and staying awake during the day. Experts advise travelers flying eastbound to go to bed later than usual before traveling and those flying west to go to bed earlier than usual. These changes should help minimize the effects of jet lag.
Flight attendants, pilots, and frequent flyers often suffer jet lag. Experts have many tips for travelers that will help prevent jet lag.
Jet lag is a problem for people who fly a lot. To prevent jet lag, people can change the time they go to sleep before they take a trip.
People who suffer jet lag have trouble falling asleep and staying awake. This is because people's body rhythms get thrown off by travel.
Long-distance travel is unsafe because of a condition known as jet lag. Jet lag happens when people travel across many time zones.
Read the passage below and choose the best paraphrase/summary:
Small newspaper seeks writers. Writers must work well under pressure and focus on details. Good writing skills are necessary. Related experience preferred. Must be flexible with hours. May need to work overtime, nights, and weekends. Call 555-1234 for information.
Most newspapers want flexible workers. They want people who are able to work nights, weekends, and even overtime.
A small newspaper is looking to hire writers. They would like someone who can work under pressure and have flexible hours.
Writers at newspapers work long hours. They often have to work at night or on weekends. They also have to deal with stress.
You need experience to get a good job. For example, in order to get a writing job, it is helpful to have some writing experience.
Read the passage below and choose the best paraphrase/summary:
Have you always wanted to own your own boat but thought you couldn't afford to? Now there's a way to purchase a small skiff for less than retail price. All you need is time, patience, and skill in working with carpentry tools. For $175 you can obtain a kit to build your own eight-foot rowboat. The kit contains complete instructions, precut wooden parts, metal fittings, sandpaper, sealant, and paint. The only decision left up to you is choosing the color of the hull; everything else has been provided. For purchasing information, log on to our Web site.
Some people think that boats are really expensive. Only large boats cost a lot of money; small ones do not.
You can buy a small boat for under $200. Most people think that boats cost thousands of dollars.
You can build a small, inexpensive rowboat from a kit. The kit has all of the pieces and paint that you need.
People can actually buy a rowboat on the Internet. You can find out more information on the Web site.
Summarizing is defined as...
rewriting a text in your own words.
shortening a text with important information only.
sharing your opinion about a text.
Whether you are paraphrasing, summarizing, or quoting, you should ALWAYS
Keep most of the words the same as the original
Cite the source
Use quotation marks
Brazil is the largest country in South America and Suriname is the smallest.
What is a Summary?
Short ideas of central ideas of a text
Your opinion of the text
Your experience reading the text
Background Knowledge and personal information
What should you include in your summarizing steps?
It doesn't matter if your sentences aren't complete as long as you get the message across to the reader.
Write in complete sentences, cover main point and key ideas, should be in your own words.
It should just be a word or two. As long as you wrote something.
All the information is important, make sure it is all written down.
Summaries help me...
understand what I'm reading
identify the main points of a text
write about what I read
all of these
Which of the following statements about summarizing is true?
The summary is a thought that is true but is not in the passage.
The summary is what the passage is mostly about.
The summary is specific, detailed information contained in the passage.
The summary is always found in the first sentence of the passage.
Read the following example and decide if it is a successful summary or not:
In The Lion King, lion cub Simba witnesses his father's sudden death caused by his evil uncle, Scar. Simba escapes and returns later as an adult to take back his homeland from Scar with the help of his friends Timón and Púmbaa.
Yes, this is a good summary! 😊
No, this is not a good summary. 😦
Read the following example and decide if it is a successful summary or not:
In the Pixar film Inside Out, the main character is a girl named Riley. She loves to play hockey and hang out with her friends in her hometown and is very happy. But then she finds out that she is going to have to move and she becomes very depressed. Her parents fight all the time, and she embarrassed herself on her first day of school by crying. She doesn't even love to play hockey anymore.
Yes, this is a good summary! 😊
No, this is not a good summary. 😦
The Summary of this passage is:
When would you most likely summarize a book?
when you want to forget a book you’ve read
when you want to tell a friend your opinion of a book but not what it was about
when you want to tell a friend the gist or main ideas of a book
when you don’t understand a vocabulary word you read in a book
"I don't want a babysitter. I am eleven years old. My babysitter is only three years older than I am," she loudly yelled to her Mom. Now, she really wished she had somebody with her as she heard the clicking, scratching noises outside of the living room window. "This is silly. It's probably the storm," the girl said. She regretted watching the horror show she had been tuned into for the last half hour. As she searched for the remote to turn off the vampire movie, the front door blew open with a thunderous noise. Carla whirled around to see a dark image."
Carla didn't want a babysitter because:
She believes she is old enough to take care of herself.
She wants to watch scary movies.
Carla's mother leaves her alone all the time.
Carla's babysitter is only three years older than Carla.
Learn to identify relevant information or ideas.
Summarizing
Not Summarizing
Combine details or examples that support the main idea.
Summarizing
Not Summarizing
Write down ideas from the text word-for-word
Summarizing
Not Summarizing
Capture the key ideas in the text and put them together clearly and concisely.
Summarizing
Not Summarizing
Write down incoherent and irrelevant ideas
Summarizing
Not Summarizing
Concentrate on the gist or main idea and key words presented in the text.
Summarizing
Not Summarizing
What is a summary?
A short explanation of a piece, using only the main points.
A persuasive argument about a text.
A movie based off of a book.
A theme or universal lesson.
Read the following paragraph carefully, then summarize into one sentence.
Being a clown is not all fun and games. Rodeo clowns expose themselves to great danger every time they perform. When cowboys dismount or are bucked off of bulls at riding competitions, rodeo clowns jump in front of the bulls and motion wildly to get their attention. In this way rodeo clowns provide an alternate target, and in doing so protect the rider. So you see, sometimes clowning around can be serious business
Being a clown isn't all fun and games.
Rodeo clowns protect cowboys by putting themselves in danger.
Rodeos are exciting.
Clowns are good at riding bulls.
Read the following passage carefully, then summarize it into only one sentence.
What's that humming sound? Could it be hummingbird, the only bird capable of backward flight? Hummingbirds have many unique flight habits that distinguish them from other birds. Most birds flap their wings up and down to fly, but the hummingbird moves its wings forward and backward very rapidly in a figure eight pattern. This allows the hummingbird to hover in position, fly upside down, and move about very rapidly. And while other birds have to push off with their feet to begin flying, and work their ways up to their top speeds, the hummingbird can both start flying at maximum speed and stop flying instantaneously. After you've seen a hummingbird in flight, it's unlikely that you'll mistake them for another bird.
Birds and hummingbirds are very different.
Hummingbirds make a humming sound.
Hummingbirds wings fly in figure eight patterns.
The hummingbird flies in a totally unique and unusual way.
Julie watched the ants as they carried small crumbs down the trail to the anthill. She thinks ants are very hard working and industrious little creatures. They always seemed busy, and you never saw an ant just laying around doing nothing. They were carrying food, building tunnels, or defending the anthill. One thing you could say about ants is that they sure are not lazy.
The best summary of this passage is:
Ants carry many things.
Some ants may bite you.
Ants are hard workers.
Some ants help take care of the queen.
Turn over a bag of potato chips. Is the label interesting? A simple food recipe may use several ingredients. These come from the soil and from chemistry labs around the world. Surprises also show up in the labels on clothing and other products. Look at the label on a package of lipstick. The tube seems small and shiny, but inside lipstick there is soap, oil, fish scales, and wax!
Which is the best way to summarize this passage?
A bag of potato chips seems like a simple recipe. There are many ingredients from the soil and from chemistry labs.
Clothes and other products have many ingredients as well. Lipstick alone has soap, oil, wax, and fish scales.
Labels show what goes into food, clothing, and other products. A simple product may have many ingredients.
Lipstick seems small and shiny. Look at the label sometime. It has at least four different ingredients.
When some people think about Texas, they think of cowboys on the open range-herding cattle up a dusty trail. However, Texas has much more than open prairie with large herds of cows. There are the mountains of West Texas, the piney hills of east Texas, and the emerald waters off the coast of Padre Island. Texas also has large coastal harbors with numerous sailboats, powerboats, inland lakes, rivers, swamps of southeast Texas with alligators and other exotic wildlife.
The Summary of this passage is:
There are a lot of cows in Texas.
There are many different, varied parts of Texas.
Texas is one of the biggest states in the United States.
There are alligators in the swampland of southeast Texas.
Tomorrow is Jill's birthday. She is excited because she gets to pick where she will eat dinner. Will it be Mexican food at the Big Enchilada House? Or will it be fried chicken at the Chicken Shack, or a big cheeseburger at Al's Hamburger Palace. She just couldn't decide. Then there was always the Pizza Shop with that great pepperoni pizza. How would she ever decide? Maybe she would just flip a coin.
The Summary of this passage is:
Jill has many restaurants to choose from for her birthday.
Jill loves Mexican food.
The Pizza Shop has the best pizza in town.
Jill will choose a place by flipping a coin.
The Summary of this passage is:
Right now Jason was playing right field. He really wanted to play third base. Earlier this year, coach had put him in left field and second base in a game, but never at third base. Once in practice, coach let him play third base, but he kept missing ground balls. When he did stop one, he made a bad throw to first base. Maybe if he kept practicing, Jason would be good enough to play third base. That was his dream.
The Summary of this passage is:
Jason really wanted to play third base.
Jason was the best player on his team.
Jason had trouble catching ground balls.
Jason was too lazy to practice.
For the walls, Jenny thought she would use a bright yellow paint. She would pick a border that had mostly bright red and green colors, and maybe a little bit of blue. She already had found some curtains that were sky blue with streaks of red, blue and yellow that she thought would go great with the walls. And finally, she had picked a carpet that was mostly blue with specks of red and yellow. Jenny couldn't wait till she was done decorating her room. It was really going to look awesome.
The Summary of this passage is:
Jenny likes bright colors.
Jenny was going to paint her room.
Jenny was picking out colors and materials to decorate her room.
Yellow is a good color to paint your walls.
The Summary of this passage is:
Julie watched the ants as they carried small crumbs down the trail to the anthill. She thinks ants are very hard working and industrious little creatures. They always seemed busy, and you never saw an ant just laying around doing nothing. They were carrying food, building tunnels, or defending the anthill. One thing you could say about ants is that they sure aren't lazy.
The Summary of this passage is:
Ants carry many things.
Some ants may bite you.
Ants are hard workers.
Some ants help take care of the queen.
The first book Chris read in fifth grade was about a lost kitten. Then he read a book about a family of bears, and then he read about a wild kangaroo in Australia. It seems every book Chris reads is about animals. Last week he found a good book about snakes and reptiles, and another book about elephants. Today Chris went to the library, and he checked out a book about dolphins, whales and other animals that live in the sea.
The Summary of this passage is:
Chris likes kangaroos.
Chris is in the fifth grade.
Chris reads a lot of books about animals.
Dolphins and whales live in the sea.
The Summary of this passage is:
Select the best summary of this paragraph.
As soon as she arrived at grandmother's house, Jessica ran into her bedroom to look at the blue quilt. It covered her grandmother's bed and was Jessica's favorite. It had patches of dark blue, medium blue, and light blue, with pictures of birds and flowers on every other patch. Jessica liked to take naps with the quilt wrapped around her. She loved the way it felt so soft and warm against her skin. Whenever she was visiting grandma, just looking at the quilt made Jessica happy.
The Elk River flows from the far northern part of the state all the way to the southern tip. All kinds of animals rely on it for drinking water, people eat the fish they catch in it, and farmers in the state depend on it for irrigating their crops. Since there is very little rain in this state, the Elk River gives animals and humans the water they need to stay alive. Even though the river is not nearly the biggest in the nation, it is very important to the people and animals that live near it.
There are five teams of students in the fifth grade. The blue team has math first period, and the red team has science. The yellow team gets to go outside early in the morning, while the green team goes to music. Only students on the orange team get to play games first period. Each student wears a nametag with his or her color, so that the teachers and students all know where a student should be.
Math didn't make much sense to Cathy. She always got area and perimeter mixed up and she had no idea what a right angle was. Last quarter she failed math, and this quarter wasn't any better. As long as she could remember, math had been hard for Cathy. She did fine in reading and science, but not math. Now she was working on her math homework, but she didn't know how to do most of it. Who invented math, anyway!
Read the following passage and then decide the summary!
"Are you already done, son?" his father asked. "It seems like you just got in the water." Jacob was finished with his bath in less than two minutes. He got his body and hair wet, rubbed some grape flavored shampoo on his hair, washed his body with soap, and quickly rinsed it off. He liked to take fast baths so he would have more time to play. In fact, Jacob never took a long bath. To him, the faster the bath, the better.
Jacob is very clean.
Jacob uses grape flavored shampoo.
Jacob likes to take fast baths.
Jacob never took showers.
Lazy eye, also called amblyopia, is a condition in which vision becomes significantly impaired in an otherwise healthy eye because of lack of use of that eye. It affects about 2 percent of the population and usually develops in children less than 8 years old, as vision is still developing.
What's the best summary for this passage?
The lack use of certain eye could cause amblyopia or lazy eye
Only 2 percent of the population have lazy eye
Lazy eye usually happen in children less than 8 years old
Amblyopia is a condition where vision becomes significantly impaired
The most frequent cause of lazy eye is misalignment of the eye or crossed eye. About half of children with crossed eyes develop lazy eye. Another frequent cause is uneven visual acuity in the two eyes. If one eye is severely nearsighted or farsighted, the brain will favor the visual input of the stronger eye over the weaker eye, and the visual pathways of the brain will not develop normally. Lazy eye can also be caused by cataracts, dropping eyelid, or any other eye condition that impairs vision in one or both eyes.
What is the best heading for this passage?
Lazy eye
Common causes of lazy eye
Lazy eye caused cataracts
Reasons people develop lazy eye
There are three progressive stages of lazy eye: suspension, when the brain turns the weaker eye on and off; suppression, when the weaker eye is turned off indefinitely but still has usable vision and will be used if the other eye is covered; and amblyopia, when the misuse has continued for so long that the vision impairment cannot be corrected.
Which heading best represent this passage?
There are three stages of lazy eye
The impairment cannot be corrected
The stages of lazy eye
Suspension, Suppression, Amblyopia
The treatments for lazy eye namely: correcting the underlying problems, correcting refractive errors, and occlusion to force the use of the lazy eye by limiting the use of the better eye. Occlusion is usually done by having the child wear a patch over the nonlazy eye. Occlusion may be full or part time depending on the seriousness of the lazy eye. It is important to guard against overtreatment, so that lazy eye does not develop in the previously stronger eye.
What is the best choice to summarize this passage?
Occlusion is the treatment for lazy eye
Correcting refractive errors
Correcting the underlying problem
The three treatments for amblyopia
Which of these things can help you to summarize a paragraph?
Supporting details
Topic sentence
Examples
Writer's argument
What is the similarity between paraphrasing and summarizing?
They both have the same idea but written differently from the original source
They both are at the same length with the original source
They both include important points of the original source
They both shorther than the original source
What is the difference between summarizing and paraphrasing?
summarizing is longer and paraphrasing shorter than the original source
summarizing is shorter and paraphrasing does not neccessarily shorter than the original source
summarizing doesn't need reference but paraphrase do
summarizing should be written differently from original source but not paraphrasing
