"The boundless" is what everything comes from and eventually returns to

"aer" or "vapor" is the base of all things

Fire is the rarefaction of air; Water is the condensation of air

Who were the Milesians (Ionians)?

Which Philosopher had theories involving mathematical processes?

The movement of planets (in the forms of spheres), result in a harmony (sort of music). Humans should be able to hear it, but can not

Who created 'Music of the Spheres'

Someone who believes human reason is the primary source of knowledge in our world.

Which Philosopher was a Rationalist?

Everything that exists has aways existed; no actual change

Our sensory perception of the world is an illusion; can't trust our sense

Knowledge is based from experiences and senses

Which Philosopher is an Empiricist?

Everything is constantly changing; we need to trust our senses

Constant Change (flow) is the most basic characteristic of nature

Fire ( the flux/change) represents Logos

Law of Change: Everything has a balance, the world is made of interchangeable elements & everything works together

Which Philosopher combines the teachings of Parmenides and Heraclitus?

There are four elements at the base of everything, not one

Two Forces that bind thing together, love & strife

Which Philosopher did not believe in any spiritual forces?

The Atom Theory: atoms are little building blocks on which all things are comprised of

All things that exist are made up of matter in some way

Which Philosopher believed in Materialism?

A Greek Politician and General during the Golden Age of Athens

When was the Golden Age of Athens?

What was the Golden Age of Athens?

The first democracy in Athens consisted of 500 citizens, that served for a year each

Anybody (Male, Women, Slave) could vote in Athens on important matters

Athens won the Peloponnesian War

How long was the Peloponnesian War?

People that have travelled to many places and learned much. Teach people what they know for money.

Who are the 3 famous Sophists?

"man is the measure of all things"; knowledge is limited by our human capacities

"Nothing exists, if something exists it is incomprehensible, if it in comprehensible, it is incommunicable"

- nothing of any significance matters

- Nothing of any significance matters, there are no virtues

- nothing is absolute

"might makes right"

"injustice allows the full assertion of power, while justice imposes artificial limits"

Believed in social darwinism like mentality; survival of the fittest; morals make you weak

Sophists: there are objective moral standards

Socrates: morals are relative; based on opinion and what's popular

Continue to question someone and their beliefs for a period of time; challenge their assumptions

The Examined Life

"To know the good is to do the good"

This is what underlies our contemporary Western education system

Virtue = Knowledge

Vice = Ignorance

Who wrote the Iliad & the Odyssey

Who writes the stories about the gods (their birth, adventures, etc... )

Who was the patron goddess of Athens?

Who was the patron god of Sparta?

Divine Command Theory

Dialectic