realistic politics based on the needs of the state

the highest official of a monarch

to take control of, usually referring to land

Emperor

German word meaning empire or nation

A Giant

ruler of Russia; responsible for some reforms in Russia, but was eventually assassinated by radicals

the act of freeing someone, usually from slavery or serfdom

a war that broke out when Russia invaded Ottoman lands along the Danube; ended in Russian defeat

prime minister appointed by Tsar Nicholas to restore order through arrests, pogroms, and execution; Assinated later

a violent mob attack on Jewish people

an elected assembly in Russia that was responsible for road repair, schools, and agriculture at a local level

people who flee their homeland to seek safety elsewhere

an elected national legislature in Russia

Hapsburg emperor of the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

an agreement that made Austria and Hungary different states with their own constitutions but with SHARED Ministries

a moderate Hungarian leader who helped work out the compromise that created the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

the “battle for civilization” in which Bismarck took several measures to make Catholics put LOYALTY to the state

programs to help certain groups of people in a society

the Kaiser of Germany beginning in 1888, who asked Bismarck to resign

person who wants to abolish all government

a nationalist military leader who worked with Cavour to create an unified Italy

movement away from one’s homeland

a politician who worked to unify Italy