a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada

The tension between the north and south between 1840 and 1861 major causes were nullification crisis, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott v. Sanford, Election of Lincoln (1860)

States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede.

African American Company responsible for leading an attack on Ft. Wagner, located in SC.

Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south

First battle of the Civil War

the democratic party split, Lincoln was elected president, SC secedes from the Union

Sherman's march from Atlanta, Georgia, to Savannah, Georgia which cut off confederate supplies received by the sea. They wanted to destroy the Southern economy and morale, leading to Southern surrender.

all-out war that affects civilians at home as well as soldiers in combat

1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.

passed by Congress in 1862, this law distributed millions of acres of western lands to state governments in order to fund state agricultural colleges. Clemson is an example of this!

African Americans who moved from post reconstruction South to Kansas.

a series of acts of Congress that promoted the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" (the "Pacific Railroad") in the United States through authorizing the issuance of government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies

abolished slavery

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Derogatory name for people who were benefiting from the South's poor economy

Set up to help freedmen and white refugees after Civil War. Provided food, clothing, medical care, and education. First to establish schools for blacks to learn to read as thousands of teachers from the north came south to help.

Hayes promised to show concern for Southern interests and end Reconstruction in exchange for the Democrats accepting the fraudulent election results. He took Union troops out of the South.

result of Stanton's dismissal by the President, this was the last straw for the House Republicans. Johnson was just barely acquitted. As a result for the rest of his term he was powerless to alter the course of Reconstruction and the country.

federal authorities can arrest and prosecute members of groups engaged in hate crimes.

federal authorities can arrest and prosecute members of groups engaged in hate crimes.

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war

1887 law which gave all Native American males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools to make Native American children more like other Americans