WorksheetsBiosynthesis, Translation, & Transcription
Total questions: 32
Worksheet time: 32mins
Which of these describes DNA replication in eukaryotes?
conservative
semi-conservative
parallel
horizontal
Eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes in the mechanism of DNA replication due to_______
Discontinuous rather than semi-discontinuous replication
Use of DNA primer rather than RNA primer
Different enzyme for synthesis of lagging and leading strand
Unidirectional rather than semi-discontinuous replication
Which of these bases is NOT found in RNA?
guanine
thymine
uracil
adenine
This refers to a particular site or region in a DNA molecule at which replication starts:
promoter
replication fork
lagging strand
origin of replication
The binding of these enzymes at replication forks prevents DNA strands from winding around each other during replication
helicase
RNA primer
single stranded binding protein
ligase
Bacterial polymerases are slower than eukaryotic polymerases.
true
false
Magnesium is a necessary component of DNA polymerization, but is not found in the DNA molecule. What is the purpose of magnesium in the polymerization of DNA?
It binds to the two leaving groups during the DNA polymerization reaction
It binds nucleotides in the cytosol and helps import them into the nucleus
all of these
It is a cofactor for DNA polymerase III
It is a cutting enzyme that remove damaged DNA segments
primase
ligase
protease
nuclease
It refers to the sequence at the end of a chromosome with repeated nucleotides that does not contain genes
centromeres
kinetochores
origin of replication
telomeres
What is the main reason for there being both a leading and a lagging strand during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase can only read the DNA template strand in the 3'-to-5' direction
Only one strand is available to be read at any given time
DNA polymerase can only synthesize one strand at a time
There are not enough RNA primers to have both strands be synthesized simultaneously
Which of these enzymes is responsible for adding DNA nucleotides in the lagging strand?
DNA polymerase delta
DNA polymerase alpha
Primase
RNA polymerase II
Which of these is/are TRUE about eukaryotic DNA replication?
1. it occurs during the S-phase of the cell cycle
2. the process is slow with 100 bp are added per second
3. transpires within the nucleus
4. synthesis of new DNA is made possible by DNA polymerase I and III
1,2,3,4
1,2,3
1,2
2,3,4
Which of these is NOT associated with prokaryotic DNA replication?
process takes place in the cytoplasm
circular, double-stranded DNA
produces large okazaki fragments
end-replication problem is commonly experienced
The addition of new nucleotides into the growing strand by DNA polymerases during replication happens in:
3' to 5' direction
3' to 3' direction
5' to 3' direction
2' to 5' direction
DNA replication both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes starts with which of these steps?
addition of RNA primers to both leading and lagging strands
binding of helicase in the origin of replication
joining of the okazaki fragments by ligase
binding of transcription initiation factors at the promoter region of DNA
These short RNA bases about 10-12 nucleotides long are vital since their hydroxyl groups are essentially used by DNA polymerase to add the first nucleotide to the strand:
helix destabilizing factor
helicase
primers
primase
The region of DNA where transcription initiation factors and RNA polymerase bind to, to initiate the start of transcription:
upstream region
replication bubble
promoter
origin of replication
The addition of RNA bases during transcription happens in a5' to 3' direction with the aid of:
RNA pol IV
DNA pol III
RNA pol II
DNA pol I
The process by which the genetic instruction carried by mRNA is converted into amino acid sequence:
end-replication
replication
translation
trancription
This type of nucleotide base is only found in an RNA molecule:
adenine
cytosine
uracil
thynime
Which of these CORRECTLY describes a eukaryotic transcription?
RNA polymerase III is responsible for the mRNA synthesis
The RNA polymerase can only recognize the promoter with the aid of transcription initiation factors
Transcription initiation machinery is simple since DNA is not associated with proteins
The promoter region contains the consensus sequence of 5'-TATAATTG-3' called the pribnow box
Some tRNAs bond to one codon exclusively, but many of them can recognize more than one codon because of:
covalent bonding
wobble pairing
amino acid- anticodon pairing
codon-codon pairing
The binding of the RNA polymerase to the promoter region immediately leads to which of the following?
cleavage of the primary transcript
proofreading of ribonucleotides by RNA polymerase
coiling of the DNA double helix
unwinding of the DNA double helix
Which of these contains the anti-codon?
small ribosomal subunit
mRNA
tRNA
large ribosomal subunit
Which of these does NOT describe a prokaryotic transcription?
The transcribed RNA is polycistronic.
RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter region with the help of sigma factor
transcription occurs simultaneously with translation in the nucleus
All of the following describe TATA box EXCEPT:
transcription factors can bind to this and recruit the RNA polymerase
type of promoter sequence that specifies to other molecules where transcription begins
a consensus nucleotide sequence in the promoter region of prokaryote about 10 nucleotides before the start site
named for its conserved DNA sequence which is most commonly TATAAA
Arrange the sequence of events during the initiation phase of eukaryotic transcription (Please note that this question is given 2 credit points) :
1. TFIIE and TFIIH attaches to the pre-initiation complex
2. TFIID binds to TATA box in DNA
3. The RNA polymerase that is attached to TFIIF binds with the TFIIA and TFIIB complex
4. TFIIH phosphorylates RNA polymerase
5. TFIIA and TFIIB form complex with TFIID
2-3-5-1-4
2-4-5-3-1
2-5-3-1- 4
2-5-1-3-4
The main component of the transcription unit which contains the actual exons and introns:
promoter
coding region
start site
terminator sequence
When RNA polymerase gone past a DNA terminator sequence, this signals which of the processes below?
succession
initiation
termination
elongation
In prokaryotic translation, this part marks the start of each coding sequence in this organism which facilitates the ribosome in finding the right start codon for each gene.
Kozak sequence
Pribnow box
Hogness-Goldberg
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
Which of the following materials are necessary to start the translation machinery in eukaryotes? (Please note that this question is given 2 point credits).
1. elongation factors
2. small ribosomal subunit
3. initiator tRNA
4. mRNA
5. large ribosomal subunit
6. initiation factors
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
2, 3, 4 and 5
2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
In eukaryotic translation, once the 60S ribosome is recruited to the preinitiation complex, it forms this large complex:
43s initiation complex
48s initiation complex
70s initiation complex
80s initiation complex
