to establish or apply

an administrative organization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures

a policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations

a chain of islands

an interrelated or interconnected group or system

“great names”; the head of noble families in Japan who controlled vast landed estates and relied on samurai for protection

a series of actions or operations necessary to meet a specified end

viewpoint

the braided pigtail that was traditionally worn by Chinese males

a ceramic made of fine clay baked at very high temperatures

a group of related families

approximately 250 domains into which Japan was divided under the Tokugawa

a daimyo’s family was held by the shogunate to make sure the daimyo kept his promises

a group of people with common interests and characteristics living together within a larger society

Japan’s outcast class whose way of life was strictly regulated by the Tokugawa