when police take a suspect into custody until he or she can be brought before the court. There must be probable cause.

a formal charge brought by a grand jury or filed by a prosecutor. An indictment is required for capital offenses. The grand jury only hears evidence presented by the prosecutor. The grand jury determines whether there is sufficient evidence to formally charge the defendant.

This occurs before trial. The defendant makes his or her plea. The most common pleas are guilty or not guilty.

money or property that a defendant puts forth as security to make sure they will show up for further criminal proceedings such as trial and sentencing.

usually involve the defendant pleading guilty to a lesser charge, fewer charges than originally charged with in an indictment, or a reduced statement.

Held before a judge or a jury. This is where a person is found guilty or innocent.

a decision of guilt or innocence

includes: a fine, community service, probation, or a period of incarceration in a jail or prison, or a combination of the above.

A defendant found guilty of charges has the right to ask a higher court to review his/her case.