A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes; deoxyribonucleic acid

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions when it carries out normal life activities

First and longest phase of mitosis; chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

second phase of mitosis; chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

the third phase of mitosis; chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles

the final phase of mitosis, chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

division of the cytoplasm

Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms

The two rounds of meiosis; Each has four phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase)

Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself

Process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism.

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Passing of traits from parents to offspring

A trait that covers over another form of that trait.

A trait that is masked when a dominant allele is present

genetic makeup of an organism; EX: BB, Bb, bb

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

physical characteristics of an organism; EX: brown hair, black hair, blonde hair, red hair

When both phenotypes appear; EX: Blood types A crossed with B = type AB

Cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another; EX: red flower crossed with white flower = pink flower